{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2016254753","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm198507043130102","title":"Neurochemical Studies of Early-Onset Alzheimer's Disease","display_name":"Neurochemical Studies of Early-Onset Alzheimer's Disease","publication_year":1985,"publication_date":"1985-07-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2016254753","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm198507043130102","mag":"2016254753","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2582256"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1056/nejm198507043130102","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm198507043130102","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm198507043130102","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62468778","display_name":"New England Journal of Medicine","issn_l":"0028-4793","issn":["0028-4793","0096-6762","1533-4406","2331-4710"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320239","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Medical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320239"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Massachusetts Medical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"New England Journal of Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051635855","display_name":"Paul T. Francis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8159-4469","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8159-4469"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul T. Francis","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059621873","display_name":"Alan M. Palmer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2819-6362","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2819-6362"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alan M. Palmer","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060319574","display_name":"Neil R. Sims","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1830-091X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1830-091X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neil R. Sims","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111070537","display_name":"David M. Bowen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David M. Bowen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111624546","display_name":"ALAN N. DAVISON","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3478-0231","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3478-0231"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alan N. Davison","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004149008","display_name":"Margaret M. Esiri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6829-0962","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6829-0962"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Margaret M. Esiri","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062784534","display_name":"D. Neary","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6631-9215","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6631-9215"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Neary","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090672688","display_name":"Julie S. Snowden","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3976-4310","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3976-4310"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julie S. Snowden","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006456463","display_name":"Gordon Keith Wilcock","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0163-3021","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0163-3021"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gordon K. Wilcock","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":32.384,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":355,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99859612,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"313","issue":"1","first_page":"7","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10086","display_name":"Alzheimer's disease research and treatments","score":0.8202999830245972,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10086","display_name":"Alzheimer's disease research and treatments","score":0.8202999830245972,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":0.15410000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12023","display_name":"Cholinesterase and Neurodegenerative Diseases","score":0.013500000350177288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-onset-alzheimer-s-disease","display_name":"early-onset Alzheimer's disease","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acetylcholine-synthesis","display_name":"acetylcholine synthesis","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cholinergic-system","display_name":"cholinergic system","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temporal-cortex","display_name":"temporal cortex","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-impairment","display_name":"cognitive impairment","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postsynaptic-receptors","display_name":"postsynaptic receptors","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurotransmitter-deficits","display_name":"neurotransmitter deficits","score":0.8939999938011169}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25876315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15197465","display_name":"Neurochemical","level":2,"score":0.7839658260345459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22885893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4862743","display_name":"Cholinergic","level":2,"score":0.687023937702179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6774715185165405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775910092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180623","display_name":"Acetylcholine","level":2,"score":0.6254546046257019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502032728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11081","display_name":"Alzheimer's disease","level":3,"score":0.6189095377922058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.6122623682022095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.570164680480957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776219046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162657","display_name":"Neurotransmitter","level":3,"score":0.5654142498970032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37000724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50430226","display_name":"Serotonergic","level":4,"score":0.5066853165626526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156927020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1187783","display_name":"Neurotransmitter receptor","level":3,"score":0.45600757002830505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3244636356830597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.2427106499671936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.18161731958389282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775864247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167934","display_name":"Serotonin","level":3,"score":0.1660541594028473}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000109","descriptor_name":"Acetylcholine","qualifier_ui":"Q000096","qualifier_name":"biosynthesis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000367","descriptor_name":"Age Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000544","descriptor_name":"Alzheimer Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000544","descriptor_name":"Alzheimer Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000544","descriptor_name":"Alzheimer Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002795","descriptor_name":"Choline O-Acetyltransferase","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002799","descriptor_name":"Cholinergic Fibers","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003071","descriptor_name":"Cognition","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006897","descriptor_name":"Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008734","descriptor_name":"Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009638","descriptor_name":"Norepinephrine","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009638","descriptor_name":"Norepinephrine","qualifier_ui":"Q000172","qualifier_name":"deficiency","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010277","descriptor_name":"Parasympathomimetics","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012701","descriptor_name":"Serotonin","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013702","descriptor_name":"Temporal Lobe","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018377","descriptor_name":"Neurotransmitter Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000172","qualifier_name":"deficiency","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1056/nejm198507043130102","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm198507043130102","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm198507043130102","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62468778","display_name":"New England Journal of Medicine","issn_l":"0028-4793","issn":["0028-4793","0096-6762","1533-4406","2331-4710"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320239","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Medical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320239"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Massachusetts Medical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"New England Journal of Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:2582256","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2582256","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The New England journal of medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9537000060081482}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8399999737739563}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1569576869","https://openalex.org/W1857708765","https://openalex.org/W1965420525","https://openalex.org/W1979857021","https://openalex.org/W1997120605","https://openalex.org/W2006603117","https://openalex.org/W2012432946","https://openalex.org/W2023586735","https://openalex.org/W2025543844","https://openalex.org/W2032046308","https://openalex.org/W2039198097","https://openalex.org/W2047099152","https://openalex.org/W2047397000","https://openalex.org/W2053116984","https://openalex.org/W2062002803","https://openalex.org/W2070909285","https://openalex.org/W2076433885","https://openalex.org/W2081880500","https://openalex.org/W2094771326","https://openalex.org/W2101865792","https://openalex.org/W2111581233","https://openalex.org/W2124022765","https://openalex.org/W2160857011","https://openalex.org/W2162298355","https://openalex.org/W2255303543","https://openalex.org/W2414403516","https://openalex.org/W2469658583","https://openalex.org/W2885814572","https://openalex.org/W2921263127"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2039198097","https://openalex.org/W1045245604","https://openalex.org/W2134631162","https://openalex.org/W2066399852","https://openalex.org/W4246110472","https://openalex.org/W2042883199","https://openalex.org/W2341364136","https://openalex.org/W4388315825","https://openalex.org/W2111581233","https://openalex.org/W2076433885"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multiple":[0],"neurotransmitter":[1],"deficits":[2],"found":[3],"in":[4,38,45,71,81,93],"recent":[5],"autopsy":[6],"studies":[7],"of":[8,18,32,53,84,88],"patients":[9,48],"with":[10,49,58,65,111],"Alzheimer's":[11,50,112],"disease":[12],"may":[13,106],"militate":[14],"against":[15],"the":[16,30,36,66,69,72,82,85,89],"success":[17],"\"simple":[19],"cholinergic":[20,74],"replacement\"":[21],"as":[22],"treatment.":[23],"To":[24],"study":[25],"acetylcholine":[26,54],"synthesis,":[27],"we":[28],"measured":[29],"incorporation":[31],"radiolabeled":[33],"glucose":[34],"into":[35],"transmitter":[37],"temporal-cortex":[39],"specimens":[40],"obtained":[41],"at":[42],"diagnostic":[43],"craniotomy":[44],"17":[46],"young":[47],"disease.":[51,90,113],"Synthesis":[52],"was":[55],"significantly":[56],"correlated":[57],"cognitive":[59],"impairment.":[60],"These":[61],"results":[62],"are":[63],"consistent":[64],"view":[67],"that":[68],"deficit":[70],"presynaptic":[73],"system":[75],"is":[76],"a":[77],"relatively":[78],"early":[79],"change":[80],"development":[83],"clinical":[86],"features":[87],"Other":[91],"alterations":[92],"noradrenergic":[94],"cells,":[95],"some":[96],"cortical":[97,100],"neurons,":[98],"postsynaptic":[99],"receptors,":[101],"and":[102],"possibly":[103],"serotoninergic":[104],"cells":[105],"not":[107],"be":[108],"closely":[109],"associated":[110]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}