{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2016245154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08934219809367686","title":"The bias toward finding bias in television news","display_name":"The bias toward finding bias in television news","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2016245154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08934219809367686","mag":"2016245154"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/08934219809367686","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08934219809367686","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08934219809367686","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S143032485","display_name":"Communication Reports","issn_l":"0893-4215","issn":["0893-4215","1745-1043"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communication Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090223794","display_name":"C. A. Toggle","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19700959","display_name":"Florida International University","ror":"https://ror.org/02gz6gg07","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"C. A. Toggle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistant Professor of broadcast journalism in the School of Journalism and Mass Communication, Florida International University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant Professor of broadcast journalism in the School of Journalism and Mass Communication, Florida International University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090223794"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.40377182,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"1","first_page":"65","last_page":"72"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10133","display_name":"Media Studies and Communication","score":0.7803000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10133","display_name":"Media Studies and Communication","score":0.7803000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13718","display_name":"Media Influence and Politics","score":0.10779999941587448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13625","display_name":"Journalism and Media Studies","score":0.09309999644756317,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perceived-bias","display_name":"perceived bias","score":0.5149999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/television-news","display_name":"television news","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/media-dependency","display_name":"media dependence","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-television-news","display_name":"local television news","score":0.5139999985694885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7827651500701904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.5499682426452637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776459890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3297812","display_name":"Club","level":2,"score":0.5121414661407471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992700788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8461","display_name":"Racial bias","level":3,"score":0.4897606372833252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159447121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q490535","display_name":"Response bias","level":2,"score":0.4264543056488037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018023364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425265","display_name":"Significant difference","level":2,"score":0.41230159997940063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.16985389590263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139838865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8461","display_name":"Racism","level":2,"score":0.12607020139694214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.09404265880584717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.08359187841415405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/08934219809367686","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08934219809367686","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08934219809367686","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S143032485","display_name":"Communication Reports","issn_l":"0893-4215","issn":["0893-4215","1745-1043"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communication Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W240054392","https://openalex.org/W571962161","https://openalex.org/W630185355","https://openalex.org/W646178495","https://openalex.org/W1601849202","https://openalex.org/W1963713565","https://openalex.org/W1971698073","https://openalex.org/W2000510895","https://openalex.org/W2029493508","https://openalex.org/W2029805682","https://openalex.org/W2047157082","https://openalex.org/W2093130072","https://openalex.org/W2325709745","https://openalex.org/W4238242062","https://openalex.org/W4238519294"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3091996722","https://openalex.org/W2798880278","https://openalex.org/W2248199599","https://openalex.org/W2169448236","https://openalex.org/W2030577808","https://openalex.org/W2283452136","https://openalex.org/W598032069","https://openalex.org/W7098684825","https://openalex.org/W113905141","https://openalex.org/W2896820145"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0,69],"experiment":[1],"was":[2,20,50,54],"conducted":[3],"to":[4],"determine":[5],"whether":[6],"self\u2010reported":[7],"levels":[8],"of":[9,28,42,67],"reliance":[10],"on":[11,64,121],"television":[12],"for":[13,95,127],"news,":[14],"or":[15,45],"knowledge":[16,46],"that":[17,35,47],"a":[18,23,48,55,82,85,104,115,118],"story":[19,49,83,105],"supplied":[21],"by":[22,40,81,92],"non\u2010news":[24],"entity":[25],"influenced":[26],"ratings":[27,37,61],"bias":[29,36,60,78,102],"in":[30,58,110],"the":[31,59,65,76,96,100,107,111],"newscast.":[32],"Results":[33],"indicated":[34],"were":[38],"unaffected":[39],"level":[41],"media":[43],"dependence":[44],"supplied.":[51],"However,":[52],"there":[53],"significant":[56],"difference":[57],"assigned":[62],"depending":[63],"type":[66],"story.":[68],"anchor":[70],"voice\u2010over":[71],"about":[72,84,106,117],"Midwest":[73],"flooding":[74],"received":[75,99],"lowest":[77],"rating,":[79],"followed":[80],"new":[86],"cancer\u2010fighting":[87],"drug.":[88],"Two":[89],"stories":[90],"packaged":[91],"reporters":[93],"working":[94],"local":[97],"station":[98],"highest":[101],"ratings:":[103],"\u201cmarriage":[108],"penalty\u201d":[109],"tax":[112],"code,":[113],"and":[114],"report":[116],"police":[119],"raid":[120],"an":[122],"adults\u2010only":[123],"club.":[124],"Possible":[125],"explanations":[126],"these":[128],"findings":[129],"are":[130],"discussed.":[131]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}