{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2016208580","doi":null,"title":"Pharmacologically active: clinical trials and the pharmaceutical industry.","display_name":"Pharmacologically active: clinical trials and the pharmaceutical industry.","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2016208580","mag":"2016208580","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18350205"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:18350205","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18350205","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074791794","display_name":"Michael Kahn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8673-0682","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8673-0682"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103250015","display_name":"Human Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/056206b04","country_code":"ZA","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103250015"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Kahn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Science, Technology and Innovation Indicators (CeSTII), Human Sciences Research Council, Cape Town"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Science, Technology and Innovation Indicators (CeSTII), Human Sciences Research Council, Cape Town","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103250015"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055827549","display_name":"Michael Gastrow","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0134-541X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0134-541X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Gastrow","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.6011,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93168843,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"98","issue":"2","first_page":"114","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11792","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","score":0.7842000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11792","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","score":0.7842000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14293","display_name":"Biotechnology and Related Fields","score":0.1851000040769577,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11649","display_name":"Pharmaceutical industry and healthcare","score":0.025299999862909317,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2910","display_name":"Issues, ethics and legal aspects"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmaceutical-industry","display_name":"pharmaceutical industry","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/south-africa","display_name":"South Africa","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmaceutical-research-and-development","display_name":"pharmaceutical R&D","score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/r-d-investment","display_name":"R&D investment","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-clinical-trials","display_name":"global clinical trials","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-research","display_name":"medical research","score":0.421999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmaceutical-manufacturing","display_name":"pharmaceutical manufacturing","score":0.4659999907016754}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.7950015664100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779652045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q507443","display_name":"Pharmaceutical industry","level":2,"score":0.7894192934036255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7600300908088684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158016649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161726","display_name":"Multinational corporation","level":2,"score":0.6626263856887817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5855971574783325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502991105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5133849","display_name":"Clinical research","level":2,"score":0.49383148550987244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.44922322034835815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.41055500507354736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.23068881034851074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.19433194398880005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.15335431694984436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.10696136951446533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.10218214988708496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002986","descriptor_name":"Clinical Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002986","descriptor_name":"Clinical Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004345","descriptor_name":"Drug Industry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011640","descriptor_name":"Public Policy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012109","descriptor_name":"Research Support as Topic","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013019","descriptor_name":"South Africa","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:18350205","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18350205","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:2016208580","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18350205","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8048999905586243},{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.651199996471405}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1480008354"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7096517264","https://openalex.org/W1810497433","https://openalex.org/W6910796377","https://openalex.org/W7213417903","https://openalex.org/W6979106748","https://openalex.org/W2115462829","https://openalex.org/W2601154085","https://openalex.org/W2765969112","https://openalex.org/W4361198730","https://openalex.org/W2185185241"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multinational":[0],"pharmaceutical":[1,176],"companies":[2],"(":[3],"'pharmas')":[4],"import":[5],"and":[6,9,21,42,52,82,98,110,120,128,153],"produce":[7],"pharmaceuticals":[8,53],"also":[10],"conduct":[11],"clinical":[12,86,104,116,163],"trials":[13,87,105,117,123,164],"which":[14],"are":[15,124],"an":[16],"important":[17],"aspect":[18],"of":[19,40,85,102,144,150],"research":[20,81],"development":[22],"(R&D).":[23],"This":[24,95],"may":[25],"raise":[26],"the":[27,36,72,83,100,103],"question:":[28],"Is":[29],"South":[30,66,108,133,156],"Africa":[31,67,134,157],"a":[32,55,60,69,92,114,137,174],"guinea":[33,141],"pig":[34],"for":[35,71,161],"pharmas?":[37],"The":[38],"Department":[39],"Trade":[41],"Industry":[43],"National":[44],"Industrial":[45],"Policy":[46],"Framework(1)":[47],"designates":[48],"chemicals,":[49],"plastic":[50],"fabrication":[51],"as":[54,89,148],"key":[56],"value":[57],"chain.":[58],"So":[59],"second":[61],"question":[62],"could":[63],"be:":[64],"Can":[65],"be":[68],"manufacturer":[70],"pharmas,":[73],"or":[74,139],"can":[75],"it":[76,173],"leverage":[77],"strengths":[78],"in":[79,107,130],"medical":[80],"conducting":[84],"so":[88],"to":[90,171],"develop":[91],"discovery-led":[93],"industry?":[94],"paper":[96],"analyses":[97],"quantifies":[99],"state":[101],"industry":[106,118],"Africa,":[109],"concludes":[111],"that:":[112],"(i)":[113],"sizeable":[115],"exists,":[119],"that":[121],"these":[122],"predominantly":[125],"phase":[126],"3":[127],"global":[129,151],"scope;":[131],"(ii)":[132],"is":[135,146,168],"not":[136],"specific":[138],"unique":[140],"pig--a":[142],"range":[143],"conditions":[145],"studied":[147],"part":[149],"trials;":[152],"(iii)":[154],"while":[155],"has":[158],"excellent":[159],"prospects":[160],"increased":[162],"activity,":[165],"R&D":[166],"investment":[167],"too":[169],"low":[170],"make":[172],"major":[175],"contender.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
