{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2016182243","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/te.1963.4321808","title":"Programmed Instruction the Engineering of Education","display_name":"Programmed Instruction the Engineering of Education","publication_year":1963,"publication_date":"1963-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2016182243","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/te.1963.4321808","mag":"2016182243"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/te.1963.4321808","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/te.1963.4321808","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/te.1963.4321808","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207741693","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Education","issn_l":"0018-9359","issn":["0018-9359","1557-9638"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322189","host_organization_name":"IEEE Education Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322189","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Education Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"R. K. Moore","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146416000","display_name":"University of Kansas","ror":"https://ror.org/001tmjg57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146416000"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"R. K. Moore","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Research in Engineering Science, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA","Center for Research in Engineering Science, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kan.#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Research in Engineering Science, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146416000"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Research in Engineering Science, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kan.#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146416000"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146416000"],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.20159151,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"2","first_page":"60","last_page":"64"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12124","display_name":"Engineering Education and Curriculum Development","score":0.5092999935150146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12124","display_name":"Engineering Education and Curriculum Development","score":0.5092999935150146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13682","display_name":"Engineering Education and Pedagogy","score":0.31709998846054077,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2216","display_name":"Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13873","display_name":"Educational Methods and Technology","score":0.02199999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programmed-instruction","display_name":"programmed instruction","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-education","display_name":"engineering education","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-theory","display_name":"learning theory","score":0.531000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/behaviorism","display_name":"behaviorism","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instructional-design","display_name":"instructional design","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personalized-learning","display_name":"personalized learning","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable-learning-rate","display_name":"variable learning rate","score":0.46799999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/course-materials-development","display_name":"course materials development","score":0.30300000309944153}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6478967666625977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5947041511535645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5466452836990356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5041995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853745","display_name":"Engineering education","level":2,"score":0.5414855480194092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52308508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1649174","display_name":"Programmed instruction","level":2,"score":0.5161212682723999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182365436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50701","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4309028089046478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.3919478952884674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110354214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6314146","display_name":"Engineering management","level":1,"score":0.21823903918266296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.214797705411911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1591951847076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09375542402267456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/te.1963.4321808","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/te.1963.4321808","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/te.1963.4321808","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207741693","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Education","issn_l":"0018-9359","issn":["0018-9359","1557-9638"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322189","host_organization_name":"IEEE Education Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322189","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Education Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Education","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9901999831199646,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.5799999833106995,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W564075956","https://openalex.org/W1512249823","https://openalex.org/W2142764986","https://openalex.org/W2171115835","https://openalex.org/W2478962382"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1980998549","https://openalex.org/W2077755770","https://openalex.org/W337340668","https://openalex.org/W2123169890","https://openalex.org/W2055956446","https://openalex.org/W7009890985","https://openalex.org/W2017106919","https://openalex.org/W6991302446","https://openalex.org/W2153424796","https://openalex.org/W2026731978"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Programmed":[0,44],"instruction":[1,45,103],"provides":[2],"a":[3,36],"unique":[4],"opportunity":[5],"to":[6,39,71,78,109,119,122,148,152],"\"engineer\"":[7],"engineering":[8,17,105],"education.":[9],"The":[10,92],"preparation":[11],"of":[12,19,21,25,33,50,68,75,89,101,112,115,132,155],"programs":[13,143],"involves":[14],"the":[15,40,64,69,76,83,99,113,130,141],"normal":[16],"processes":[18],"specification":[20,24],"end":[22],"product,":[23],"materials":[26,118],"used":[27,146],"(student":[28],"preparation),":[29],"and":[30,86,158,165],"experimental":[31],"iteration":[32],"designs":[34],"until":[35],"reasonable":[37],"approximation":[38],"optimum":[41],"is":[42,46],"achieved.":[43],"based":[47],"on":[48],"theories":[49],"learning":[51,133],"developed":[52],"by":[53],"behavioral":[54],"psychologists":[55],"working":[56],"with":[57,82,137],"animals.":[58],"It":[59],"depends":[60],"upon":[61],"subdivision":[62],"into":[63],"smallest":[65],"possible":[66],"units":[67],"material":[70,84,161],"be":[72,145],"taught,":[73],"stimulation":[74],"learner":[77],"do":[79],"something":[80],"immediately":[81],"presented,":[85],"immediate":[87],"confirmation":[88],"correct":[90],"responses.":[91],"many":[93],"experiments":[94],"now":[95],"being":[96],"conducted":[97],"in":[98,104,135],"use":[100],"programmed":[102,117],"education":[106],"all":[107],"attempt":[108],"take":[110],"advantage":[111],"ability":[114],"properly":[116],"permit":[120],"students":[121],"learn":[123],"better":[124],"than":[125],"other":[126],"methods,":[127],"while":[128],"keeping":[129],"rate":[131],"variable":[134],"accordance":[136],"individual":[138],"needs.":[139],"In":[140],"future":[142],"will":[144],"widely":[147],"teach":[149],"fundamental":[150],"principles,":[151],"assure":[153],"uniformity":[154],"class":[156],"background,":[157],"as":[159],"review":[160],"both":[162],"for":[163],"university":[164],"industrial":[166],"applications.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
