{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2016158447","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.1998.01062.x","title":"Flagellar and twitching motility are necessary for Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm development","display_name":"Flagellar and twitching motility are necessary for Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm development","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2016158447","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.1998.01062.x","mag":"2016158447","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9791175"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.1998.01062.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.1998.01062.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.1998.01062.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S102549058","display_name":"Molecular Microbiology","issn_l":"0950-382X","issn":["0950-382X","1365-2958"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Molecular Microbiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036077732","display_name":"George A. O\u2019Toole","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2861-4392","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2861-4392"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George A. O'Toole","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076614279","display_name":"Roberto Kolter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9548-1481","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9548-1481"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Roberto Kolter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076614279"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"],"apc_list":{"value":4430,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4430},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.9484,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2766,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99200892,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"2","first_page":"295","last_page":"304"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10593","display_name":"Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10593","display_name":"Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13326","display_name":"Biochemical and Structural Characterization","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10120","display_name":"Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pseudomonas-aeruginosa","display_name":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biofilm-formation","display_name":"biofilm formation","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flagellar-motility","display_name":"flagellar motility","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/twitching-motility","display_name":"twitching motility","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-iv-pili","display_name":"type IV pili","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-adhesion","display_name":"surface adhesion","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microcolony-formation","display_name":"microcolony formation","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-aggregation","display_name":"cell aggregation","score":0.5630000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abiotic-surfaces","display_name":"abiotic surfaces","score":0.5630000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polyvinyl-chloride","display_name":"polyvinyl chloride","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biofilm-growth","display_name":"biofilm growth","score":0.4020000100135803}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58123911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q467410","display_name":"Biofilm","level":3,"score":0.9163841009140015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174832134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q934786","display_name":"Pilus","level":4,"score":0.895965576171875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143065580","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3285695","display_name":"Mutant","level":3,"score":0.854854941368103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.7574446201324463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115811362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189998","display_name":"Flagellum","level":3,"score":0.7538515329360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58207958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33596","display_name":"Motility","level":2,"score":0.7472994327545166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777637488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31856","display_name":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa","level":3,"score":0.6828778386116028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.6451094150543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131934819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135390","display_name":"Biogenesis","level":3,"score":0.6080203056335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.5835748910903931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207583985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128723","display_name":"Wild type","level":4,"score":0.5304498076438904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.4229661226272583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12554922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7100","display_name":"Biophysics","level":1,"score":0.350435733795166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60987743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1460232","display_name":"Virulence","level":3,"score":0.2994838356971741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.220304936170578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.18866008520126343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.15443739295005798}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D005407","descriptor_name":"Flagella","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008858","descriptor_name":"Microscopy, Phase-Contrast","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009154","descriptor_name":"Mutation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010861","descriptor_name":"Fimbriae, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011550","descriptor_name":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011550","descriptor_name":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018441","descriptor_name":"Biofilms","qualifier_ui":"Q000254","qualifier_name":"growth & development","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.1998.01062.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.1998.01062.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.1998.01062.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S102549058","display_name":"Molecular Microbiology","issn_l":"0950-382X","issn":["0950-382X","1365-2958"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Molecular Microbiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:9791175","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9791175","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Molecular microbiology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G134814782","display_name":"Molecular Genetics of Biofilm Formation","funder_award_id":"R01GM058213","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","funder_display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306271","display_name":"Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/01gd7b947"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04q48ey07"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W68983961","https://openalex.org/W1496358650","https://openalex.org/W1524000370","https://openalex.org/W1574567663","https://openalex.org/W1593497307","https://openalex.org/W1628118805","https://openalex.org/W1669846820","https://openalex.org/W1776763831","https://openalex.org/W1913994490","https://openalex.org/W1941223470","https://openalex.org/W1947156585","https://openalex.org/W1975155074","https://openalex.org/W1976891867","https://openalex.org/W1980129303","https://openalex.org/W1990258497","https://openalex.org/W1996019772","https://openalex.org/W1999673948","https://openalex.org/W2000815356","https://openalex.org/W2007199564","https://openalex.org/W2007211819","https://openalex.org/W2011581454","https://openalex.org/W2012875995","https://openalex.org/W2030481147","https://openalex.org/W2030589189","https://openalex.org/W2032092088","https://openalex.org/W2040661576","https://openalex.org/W2040723517","https://openalex.org/W2048473055","https://openalex.org/W2055043387","https://openalex.org/W2064852672","https://openalex.org/W2067477145","https://openalex.org/W2071075943","https://openalex.org/W2079130094","https://openalex.org/W2079698171","https://openalex.org/W2082730687","https://openalex.org/W2097384728","https://openalex.org/W2104043604","https://openalex.org/W2104493016","https://openalex.org/W2113290233","https://openalex.org/W2127186235","https://openalex.org/W2128091253","https://openalex.org/W2131103313","https://openalex.org/W2133392388","https://openalex.org/W2134460102","https://openalex.org/W2141074420","https://openalex.org/W2146671002","https://openalex.org/W2147540038","https://openalex.org/W2154119111","https://openalex.org/W2159799356","https://openalex.org/W2167324010","https://openalex.org/W2169545551","https://openalex.org/W2262363957","https://openalex.org/W2410223316","https://openalex.org/W4213354399"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2150927592","https://openalex.org/W2170786820","https://openalex.org/W2135496772","https://openalex.org/W1542553736","https://openalex.org/W2124053437","https://openalex.org/W2032647814","https://openalex.org/W7097767016","https://openalex.org/W7099004150","https://openalex.org/W1983111267","https://openalex.org/W2116854231"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,103,241],"formation":[1,43],"of":[2,13,31,33,41,62,79,89,110,120,128,141,162,169,194,211,227,243,253],"complex":[3],"bacterial":[4],"communities":[5],"known":[6],"as":[7],"biofilms":[8],"begins":[9],"with":[10,16,149,154],"the":[11,27,39,80,87,90,94,113,118,126,145,150,160,172,179,182,192,195,237,251,254],"interaction":[12],"planktonic":[14],"cells":[15,111,142,170,210],"a":[17,108,167,212,216,230],"surface":[18,55],"in":[19,38,70,77,144,156,176,205,218,236],"response":[20],"to":[21,178,221,249,258],"appropriate":[22],"environmental":[23],"signals.":[24],"We":[25,85],"report":[26],"isolation":[28],"and":[29,73],"characterization":[30],"mutants":[32,52,64,68,75,186,245],"Pseudomonas":[34],"aeruginosa":[35],"PA14":[36],"defective":[37,57,69,76],"initiation":[40],"biofilm":[42,91,259],"on":[44,112,171],"an":[45,202],"abiotic":[46,114],"surface,":[47,115],"polyvinylchloride":[48],"(PVC)":[49],"plastic.":[50,174],"These":[51],"are":[53],"designated":[54],"attachment":[56],"(sad":[58],").":[59],"Two":[60],"classes":[61],"sad":[63],"were":[65,123],"analysed:":[66],"(i)":[67],"flagellar-mediated":[71],"motility":[72,235],"(ii)":[74],"biogenesis":[78],"polar-localized":[81],"type":[82,96,163,183],"IV":[83,164,184],"pili.":[84],"followed":[86,116],"development":[88],"formed":[92,107,166],"by":[93,117,139],"wild":[95,151],"over":[97,191],"8":[98,225],"h":[99,226],"using":[100],"phase-contrast":[101],"microscopy.":[102],"wild-type":[104,180],"strain":[105,214],"first":[106],"monolayer":[109,127,168],"appearance":[119],"microcolonies":[121,137,190],"that":[122,136,198],"dispersed":[124],"throughout":[125],"cells.":[129],"Using":[130],"time-lapse":[131],"microscopy,":[132],"we":[133],"present":[134,143],"evidence":[135],"form":[138],"aggregation":[140],"monolayer.":[146],"As":[147],"observed":[148],"type,":[152],"strains":[153],"mutations":[155],"genes":[157],"required":[158],"for":[159,232],"synthesis":[161],"pili":[165,185],"PVC":[173,222],"However,":[175],"contrast":[177],"strain,":[181],"did":[187],"not":[188],"develop":[189],"course":[193],"experiments,":[196],"suggesting":[197,229],"these":[199,244],"structures":[200],"play":[201],"important":[203],"role":[204,231],"microcolony":[206],"formation.":[207,260],"Very":[208],"few":[209],"non-motile":[213],"(carrying":[215],"mutation":[217],"flgK)":[219],"attached":[220],"even":[223],"after":[224],"incubation,":[228],"flagella":[233],"and/or":[234],"initial":[238],"cell-to-surface":[239],"interactions.":[240],"phenotype":[242],"thus":[246],"allows":[247],"us":[248],"initiate":[250],"dissection":[252],"developmental":[255],"pathway":[256],"leading":[257]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":58},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":82},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":86},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":95},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":125},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":133},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":116},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":123},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":93},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":113},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":141},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":149},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":161},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":131},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":140}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
