{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2016150330","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1300/j075v22n03_02","title":"Using the Operant and Strategic Contingencies Models of Power to Understand Resistance to Change","display_name":"Using the Operant and Strategic Contingencies Models of Power to Understand Resistance to Change","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-08-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2016150330","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1300/j075v22n03_02","mag":"2016150330"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1300/j075v22n03_02","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1300/j075v22n03_02","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1300/j075v22n03_02","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97886924","display_name":"Journal of Organizational Behavior Management","issn_l":"0160-8061","issn":["0160-8061","1540-8604"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","fnege-3","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Organizational Behavior Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061508994","display_name":"Sonia M. Goltz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4126-9359","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4126-9359"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11957088","display_name":"Michigan Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/0036rpn28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11957088"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sonia M. Goltz","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Business and Economics, Michigan Technological University, USA","School of Business and Economics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Business and Economics, Michigan Technological University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11957088"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Business and Economics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11957088"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046868416","display_name":"Amy B. Hietapelto","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11957088","display_name":"Michigan Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/0036rpn28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11957088"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amy Hietapelto","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Business and Economics, Michigan Technological University, USA","School of Business and Economics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Business and Economics, Michigan Technological University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11957088"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Business and Economics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11957088"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11957088"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.3006,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":62,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97121507,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"3","first_page":"3","last_page":"22"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13149","display_name":"Organizational Change and Leadership","score":0.9375,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13149","display_name":"Organizational Change and Leadership","score":0.9375,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13449","display_name":"Organizational Management and Change","score":0.043299999088048935,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10344","display_name":"Management and Organizational Studies","score":0.010400000028312206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resistance-to-change","display_name":"resistance to change","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"power","score":0.5659999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strategic-contingency","display_name":"strategic contingency","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-change","display_name":"organizational change","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement","display_name":"reinforcement","score":0.4009999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aversive-stimuli","display_name":"aversive stimuli","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reward","display_name":"reward","score":0.5289999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leadership","display_name":"leadership","score":0.4009999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/change-management","display_name":"change management","score":0.47600001096725464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57473165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7315604","display_name":"Resistance (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.7757488489151001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5800584554672241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.578564465045929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5724730491638184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163270606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847079","display_name":"Operant conditioning","level":3,"score":0.5404040217399597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4729048013687134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.4465333819389343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4180564284324646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67203356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321905","display_name":"Reinforcement","level":2,"score":0.2151825726032257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.20594453811645508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.11891904473304749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.06947019696235657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.0632522702217102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1300/j075v22n03_02","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1300/j075v22n03_02","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1300/j075v22n03_02","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97886924","display_name":"Journal of Organizational Behavior Management","issn_l":"0160-8061","issn":["0160-8061","1540-8604"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","fnege-3","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Organizational Behavior Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.mtu.edu:business-fp-1578","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/business-fp/338","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196391","display_name":"Digital Commons - Michigan Tech (Michigan Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I11957088","host_organization_name":"Michigan Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11957088"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"College of Business Publications","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W7276219","https://openalex.org/W34912718","https://openalex.org/W64762890","https://openalex.org/W141882345","https://openalex.org/W293044211","https://openalex.org/W390287931","https://openalex.org/W569785275","https://openalex.org/W585572478","https://openalex.org/W640770236","https://openalex.org/W649854127","https://openalex.org/W1517701247","https://openalex.org/W1546056846","https://openalex.org/W1652257166","https://openalex.org/W1803206116","https://openalex.org/W1963635107","https://openalex.org/W1969750993","https://openalex.org/W1972733050","https://openalex.org/W1977908398","https://openalex.org/W1997792990","https://openalex.org/W2006515825","https://openalex.org/W2012669847","https://openalex.org/W2032007831","https://openalex.org/W2033029177","https://openalex.org/W2039539491","https://openalex.org/W2047976448","https://openalex.org/W2067999751","https://openalex.org/W2072044241","https://openalex.org/W2076098167","https://openalex.org/W2085974327","https://openalex.org/W2089874625","https://openalex.org/W2089907858","https://openalex.org/W2105174148","https://openalex.org/W2107718106","https://openalex.org/W2112327636","https://openalex.org/W2125967002","https://openalex.org/W2130657668","https://openalex.org/W2139594552","https://openalex.org/W2161521788","https://openalex.org/W2169268900","https://openalex.org/W2180007449","https://openalex.org/W2182687347","https://openalex.org/W2317003563","https://openalex.org/W2992730913","https://openalex.org/W3110271318","https://openalex.org/W3128244520"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1988494420","https://openalex.org/W2570570456","https://openalex.org/W1999189346","https://openalex.org/W4389606415","https://openalex.org/W1897634749","https://openalex.org/W2059348646","https://openalex.org/W2981841715","https://openalex.org/W2095495781","https://openalex.org/W804777550","https://openalex.org/W2025246264"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"discusses":[2],"the":[3,7,30,55,92,98],"joint":[4],"implications":[5],"of":[6,13,94],"operant":[8],"and":[9,17,51,59,75],"strategic":[10],"contingencies":[11],"models":[12],"power":[14],"for":[15],"understanding":[16],"decreasing":[18],"resistance":[19,26],"to":[20,64,71,85,88,100,112],"change":[21,32],"in":[22,40,42,54],"organizations.":[23],"In":[24],"particular,":[25],"is":[27],"expected":[28,63,84],"when":[29],"organizational":[31],"being":[33],"introduced":[34],"either":[35],"intentionally":[36],"or":[37,46,97],"unintentionally":[38],"results":[39],"changes":[41,66,89],"who":[43],"has":[44],"direct":[45],"indirect":[47],"control":[48],"over":[49],"reinforcing":[50],"aversive":[52],"stimuli":[53],"organization.":[56],"Power":[57],"holders":[58],"leaders":[60],"can":[61,82],"be":[62,83,113],"resist":[65],"that":[67,90,106],"decrease":[68],"their":[69,78],"ability":[70,99],"obtain":[72,101],"responses":[73],"in,":[74],"rewards":[76],"for,":[77],"work":[79],"groups.":[80],"Workers":[81],"respond":[86],"negatively":[87],"affect":[91],"availability":[93],"positive":[95],"consequences":[96],"those":[102],"consequences.":[103],"Change":[104],"efforts":[105],"minimize":[107],"these":[108],"problems":[109],"are":[110],"predicted":[111],"more":[114],"successful.":[115]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
