{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2016113682","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.67.1743","title":"Above-threshold laser amplifier","display_name":"Above-threshold laser amplifier","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-09-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2016113682","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.67.1743","mag":"2016113682","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10044236"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1103/physrevlett.67.1743","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.67.1743","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.67.1743","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S24807848","display_name":"Physical Review Letters","issn_l":"0031-9007","issn":["0031-9007","1079-7114","1092-0145"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320261","host_organization_name":"American Physical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Physical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physical Review Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089121337","display_name":"Michael Harris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8653-0843","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8653-0843"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","display_name":"University of Essex","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkf1q06","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Harris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012677118","display_name":"R. Loudon","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","display_name":"University of Essex","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkf1q06","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Loudon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057284952","display_name":"G. L. Mander","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","display_name":"University of Essex","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkf1q06","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. L. Mander","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110051603","display_name":"J. Michael Vaughan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","display_name":"University of Essex","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkf1q06","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. M. Vaughan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"],"apc_list":{"value":3750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3750},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.2732,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96772001,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"67","issue":"13","first_page":"1743","last_page":"1746"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12760","display_name":"Laser Design and Applications","score":0.4221000075340271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12760","display_name":"Laser Design and Applications","score":0.4221000075340271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10566","display_name":"Laser-Matter Interactions and Applications","score":0.22529999911785126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11414","display_name":"Quantum optics and atomic interactions","score":0.10819999873638153,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/argon-laser","display_name":"argon laser","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gain-profile","display_name":"gain profile","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/four-wave-mixing","display_name":"four-wave mixing","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/second-order-phase-transition","display_name":"second-order phase transition","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser-noise","display_name":"laser noise","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-correlation","display_name":"noise correlation","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-frequency","display_name":"image frequency","score":0.41600000858306885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.6425273418426514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.6024131774902344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.5795066356658936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138777275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6884054","display_name":"Mixing (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5396959185600281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.5359976887702942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5358940362930298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5037292838096619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.4155046343803406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.37407007813453674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184779094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26383","display_name":"Atomic physics","level":1,"score":0.35651952028274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.18983420729637146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.1777573525905609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.12919864058494568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.07145175337791443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1103/physrevlett.67.1743","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.67.1743","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.67.1743","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S24807848","display_name":"Physical Review Letters","issn_l":"0031-9007","issn":["0031-9007","1079-7114","1092-0145"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320261","host_organization_name":"American Physical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Physical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physical Review Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:10044236","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10044236","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physical review letters","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972653359","https://openalex.org/W1997610866","https://openalex.org/W1998543526","https://openalex.org/W2007661069","https://openalex.org/W2012666510","https://openalex.org/W2016943646","https://openalex.org/W2044603349","https://openalex.org/W2049311600","https://openalex.org/W2050840073","https://openalex.org/W2051739008","https://openalex.org/W2056146879","https://openalex.org/W2084430892","https://openalex.org/W2102646451","https://openalex.org/W2115621760","https://openalex.org/W2170839177","https://openalex.org/W2172117580","https://openalex.org/W4210920242"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2027150987","https://openalex.org/W2065661242","https://openalex.org/W2503427363","https://openalex.org/W2039834498","https://openalex.org/W1980202890","https://openalex.org/W2025023471","https://openalex.org/W2248737076","https://openalex.org/W2153907263","https://openalex.org/W2047443227","https://openalex.org/W4246377046"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,44],"have":[1],"measured":[2],"gain":[3,34],"profiles":[4],"by":[5,20],"light-beating":[6],"techniques":[7],"for":[8,49],"an":[9],"argon-ion":[10],"laser":[11,51,66],"operated":[12],"above":[13],"threshold.":[14],"The":[15,33],"observed":[16],"behavior":[17],"is":[18],"interpreted":[19],"developing":[21],"a":[22,40],"theory":[23],"which":[24],"incorporates":[25],"four-wave":[26],"mixing":[27],"of":[28,39,64],"signal":[29],"and":[30,53],"image":[31],"frequencies.":[32],"shows":[35],"the":[36,47,58,65],"typical":[37],"characteristics":[38],"second-order":[41],"phase":[42],"transition.":[43],"also":[45],"discuss":[46],"implications":[48],"fundamental":[50],"noise,":[52],"predict":[54],"strong":[55],"correlations":[56],"between":[57],"noise":[59],"contributions":[60],"from":[61],"either":[62],"side":[63],"frequency.":[67]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}