{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2016104670","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3835(94)90103-1","title":"Computerized characterization of mammographic masses: analysis of spiculation","display_name":"Computerized characterization of mammographic masses: analysis of spiculation","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-03-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2016104670","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3835(94)90103-1","mag":"2016104670","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8168067"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0304-3835(94)90103-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3835(94)90103-1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3835(94)90103-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106234763","display_name":"Cancer Letters","issn_l":"0304-3835","issn":["0304-3835","1872-7980"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cancer Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049042648","display_name":"Maryellen Lissak Giger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5482-9728","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5482-9728"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Maryellen L. Giger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kurt Rossmann Laboratories for Radiologic Image Research, Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, IL 60637","Kurt Rossmann Laboratories for Radiologic Image Research, Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, MC2026, 5841 S. Maryland, Chicago, IL 60637, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kurt Rossmann Laboratories for Radiologic Image Research, Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, IL 60637","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kurt Rossmann Laboratories for Radiologic Image Research, Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, MC2026, 5841 S. Maryland, Chicago, IL 60637, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078541762","display_name":"Carl J. Vyborny","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carl J. Vyborny","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kurt Rossmann Laboratories for Radiologic Image Research, Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, MC2026, 5841 S. Maryland, Chicago, IL 60637, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kurt Rossmann Laboratories for Radiologic Image Research, Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, MC2026, 5841 S. Maryland, Chicago, IL 60637, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Robert A. Schmidt","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert A. Schmidt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kurt Rossmann Laboratories for Radiologic Image Research, Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, MC2026, 5841 S. Maryland, Chicago, IL 60637, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kurt Rossmann Laboratories for Radiologic Image Research, Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, MC2026, 5841 S. Maryland, Chicago, IL 60637, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049042648"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"],"apc_list":{"value":4960,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4960},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.6041,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92396674,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"77","issue":"2-3","first_page":"201","last_page":"211"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9726999998092651,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9726999998092651,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.01889999955892563,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.00279999990016222,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mammographic-masses","display_name":"mammographic masses","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spiculation","display_name":"spiculation","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-cancer","display_name":"breast cancer","score":0.5450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benign-versus-malignant-differentiation","display_name":"benign versus malignant differentiation","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-aided-diagnosis","display_name":"computer-aided diagnosis","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neural-network","display_name":"artificial neural networks","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-positive-reduction","display_name":"false positive reduction","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mammography","display_name":"mammography","score":0.6050000190734863}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779098232","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q903975","display_name":"BI-RADS","level":5,"score":0.6920256614685059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780472235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q324634","display_name":"Mammography","level":4,"score":0.6895702481269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C774472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6760393","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.6207754015922546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534262118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177719","display_name":"Medical diagnosis","level":2,"score":0.5994958877563477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13460635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q85753676","display_name":"Classification scheme","level":2,"score":0.5710892677307129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779399171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1483951","display_name":"Malignancy","level":2,"score":0.5350246429443359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.522036075592041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4729081094264984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775934546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179991","display_name":"Biopsy","level":2,"score":0.4449877440929413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4333680272102356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.37382155656814575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3481394052505493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.19820797443389893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530470458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128581","display_name":"Breast cancer","level":3,"score":0.19778048992156982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.12168145179748535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.09601330757141113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008327","descriptor_name":"Mammography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008327","descriptor_name":"Mammography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008327","descriptor_name":"Mammography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011857","descriptor_name":"Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011857","descriptor_name":"Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011857","descriptor_name":"Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012372","descriptor_name":"ROC Curve","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012372","descriptor_name":"ROC Curve","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012372","descriptor_name":"ROC Curve","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013382","descriptor_name":"Subtraction Technique","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013382","descriptor_name":"Subtraction Technique","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013382","descriptor_name":"Subtraction Technique","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0304-3835(94)90103-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3835(94)90103-1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3835(94)90103-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106234763","display_name":"Cancer Letters","issn_l":"0304-3835","issn":["0304-3835","1872-7980"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cancer Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:8168067","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8168067","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cancer letters","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.766700029373169,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.6499999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G809196750","display_name":"DIGITAL IMAGE ANALYSIS FOR CANCER DETECTION","funder_award_id":"5r01ca048985-05","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G962535679","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CA-48985","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W197541173","https://openalex.org/W1548684826","https://openalex.org/W1964034394","https://openalex.org/W1965464495","https://openalex.org/W1967426304","https://openalex.org/W1968517472","https://openalex.org/W1969916498","https://openalex.org/W1974246063","https://openalex.org/W1976454288","https://openalex.org/W2023392037","https://openalex.org/W2026817651","https://openalex.org/W2035950812","https://openalex.org/W2037711351","https://openalex.org/W2045676498","https://openalex.org/W2054105681","https://openalex.org/W2057497922","https://openalex.org/W2066348020","https://openalex.org/W2077036088","https://openalex.org/W2090543929","https://openalex.org/W2151817208","https://openalex.org/W2766736793"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2048748145","https://openalex.org/W2017352979","https://openalex.org/W2005582862","https://openalex.org/W2004980192","https://openalex.org/W2047755713","https://openalex.org/W2131907593","https://openalex.org/W1788112320","https://openalex.org/W2057497922","https://openalex.org/W2129397276","https://openalex.org/W2005012720"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}