{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2015986286","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.24.002481","title":"Cross modulation of light in semiconductor materials in the presence of electric fields","display_name":"Cross modulation of light in semiconductor materials in the presence of electric fields","publication_year":1985,"publication_date":"1985-08-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2015986286","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.24.002481","mag":"2015986286","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20440328"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1364/ao.24.002481","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.24.002481","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.24.002481","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210211917","display_name":"Applied Optics","issn_l":"0003-6935","issn":["0003-6935","1539-4522","1540-8981","1559-128X","2155-3165"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","dongbi-c","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315679","host_organization_name":"Optica Publishing Group","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315679"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Optica Publishing Group"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Optics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065451957","display_name":"L. M. Walpita","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. M. Walpita","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, San Diego, Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Sciences, San Diego, California 92093"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, San Diego, Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Sciences, San Diego, California 92093","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103379527","display_name":"W.S.C. Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3833-3875","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3833-3875"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. S. C. Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, San Diego, Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Sciences, San Diego, California 92093"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, San Diego, Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Sciences, San Diego, California 92093","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013377104","display_name":"H. H. Wieder","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. H. Wieder","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, San Diego, Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Sciences, San Diego, California 92093"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, San Diego, Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Sciences, San Diego, California 92093","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050592916","display_name":"Timothy E. Van Eck","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. E. Van Eck","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, San Diego, Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Sciences, San Diego, California 92093"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, San Diego, Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Sciences, San Diego, California 92093","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7149,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66315683,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"16","first_page":"2481","last_page":"2481"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11050","display_name":"Photorefractive and Nonlinear Optics","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11050","display_name":"Photorefractive and Nonlinear Optics","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10022","display_name":"Semiconductor Quantum Structures and Devices","score":0.0027000000700354576,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11414","display_name":"Quantum optics and atomic interactions","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-modulation","display_name":"cross-modulation","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semiconductors","display_name":"semiconductors","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-field","display_name":"electric field","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-modulation","display_name":"optical modulation","score":0.503000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electro-optic-effect","display_name":"electro-optic effect","score":0.5370000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-optics","display_name":"nonlinear optics","score":0.4449999928474426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778805511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1713","display_name":"Citation","level":2,"score":0.752482533454895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108225325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11456","display_name":"Semiconductor","level":2,"score":0.6333203315734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.5586211681365967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60799052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46221","display_name":"Electric field","level":2,"score":0.4988057613372803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.4894215166568756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.46646344661712646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19643730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1326621","display_name":"Electric light","level":2,"score":0.4360351860523224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.43317461013793945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61696701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q770766","display_name":"Engineering physics","level":1,"score":0.3842562139034271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.36823928356170654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2788296341896057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.17837679386138916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1364/ao.24.002481","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.24.002481","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.24.002481","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210211917","display_name":"Applied Optics","issn_l":"0003-6935","issn":["0003-6935","1539-4522","1540-8981","1559-128X","2155-3165"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","dongbi-c","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315679","host_organization_name":"Optica Publishing Group","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315679"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Optica Publishing Group"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Optics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:20440328","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20440328","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied optics","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970555157","https://openalex.org/W1982357504","https://openalex.org/W2062512403","https://openalex.org/W2084106234","https://openalex.org/W2096073562","https://openalex.org/W2169102366"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3172371001","https://openalex.org/W2008037714","https://openalex.org/W3023730215","https://openalex.org/W2063971550","https://openalex.org/W3028291472","https://openalex.org/W2083460608","https://openalex.org/W2503418740","https://openalex.org/W2041217267","https://openalex.org/W2069903651","https://openalex.org/W3048040940"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Get":[0,24],"PDF":[1],"Email":[2],"Share":[3,4,12],"with":[5,13],"Facebook":[6],"Tweet":[7],"This":[8],"Post":[9],"on":[10],"reddit":[11],"LinkedIn":[14],"Add":[15,18,21],"to":[16,19,22],"CiteULike":[17],"Mendeley":[20],"BibSonomy":[23],"Citation":[25,27,63,70],"Copy":[26],"Text":[28,69],"L.":[29],"M.":[30],"Walpita,":[31],"W.":[32],"S.":[33],"C.":[34],"Chang,":[35],"H.":[36,37],"Wieder,":[38],"and":[39],"T.":[40],"E.":[41],"Van":[42],"Eck,":[43],"\"Cross":[44],"modulation":[45],"of":[46,54],"light":[47],"in":[48,51],"semiconductor":[49],"materials":[50],"the":[52],"presence":[53],"electric":[55],"fields,\"":[56],"Appl.":[57],"Opt.":[58],"24,":[59],"2481-2483":[60],"(1985)":[61],"Export":[62],"BibTex":[64],"Endnote":[65],"(RIS)":[66],"HTML":[67],"Plain":[68],"alert":[71],"Save":[72],"article":[73]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}