{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2015984100","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.879367","title":"12 Corruption and Military Spending","display_name":"12 Corruption and Military Spending","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2015984100","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.879367","mag":"2015984100"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5089/9781589061163.071.ch012","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5089/9781589061163.071.ch012","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5089/9781589061163.071.ch012","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463460","display_name":"International Monetary Fund eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316166","host_organization_name":"International Monetary Fund","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316166","https://openalex.org/P4310321776"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["International Monetary Fund","United Nations"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Governance, Corruption, and Economic Performance","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1840781780","display_name":"Governance, Corruption, and Economic Performance"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.879367","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Sanjeev Gupta","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1310145890","display_name":"International Monetary Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/05m4rmw09","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1310145890"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sanjeev Gupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Monetary Fund (IMF) - Fiscal Affairs Department, 700 19th Street, NW, Washington, DC 20431, United States","International Monetary Fund (IMF) - Fiscal Affairs Department"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Monetary Fund (IMF) - Fiscal Affairs Department, 700 19th Street, NW, Washington, DC 20431, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1310145890"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Monetary Fund (IMF) - Fiscal Affairs Department","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1310145890"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023516476","display_name":"Luiz R. de Mello","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288051870","display_name":"Organisation de Coop\u00e9ration et de D\u00e9veloppement Economiques","ror":"https://ror.org/0438wbg98","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288051870"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luiz R. de Mello","raw_affiliation_strings":["OECD, 2 rue Andre Pascal, Paris Cedex 16, 75775, France","OECD"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"OECD, 2 rue Andre Pascal, Paris Cedex 16, 75775, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288051870"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"OECD","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288051870"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032110758","display_name":"Raju Sharan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1310145890","display_name":"International Monetary Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/05m4rmw09","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1310145890"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raju Sharan","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Monetary Fund (IMF) - Fiscal Affairs Department, 700 19th Street, NW, Washington, DC 20431, United States","International Monetary Fund (IMF) - Fiscal Affairs Department"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Monetary Fund (IMF) - Fiscal Affairs Department, 700 19th Street, NW, Washington, DC 20431, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1310145890"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Monetary Fund (IMF) - Fiscal Affairs Department","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1310145890"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1310145890"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.4176,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":73,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95891193,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12825","display_name":"Defense, Military, and Policy Studies","score":0.8579000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12825","display_name":"Defense, Military, and Policy Studies","score":0.8579000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11042","display_name":"Corruption and Economic Development","score":0.13269999623298645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11823","display_name":"Natural Resources and Economic Development","score":0.0034000000450760126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corruption","display_name":"corruption","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/defense-spending","display_name":"defense spending","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/defense-procurement","display_name":"defense acquisition","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/governance-indicators","display_name":"governance indicators","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-expenditure","display_name":"government spending","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-national-comparison","display_name":"cross-national comparison","score":0.7820000052452087}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780027415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q524648","display_name":"Language change","level":2,"score":0.5260916948318481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4045669734477997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.354353666305542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.33992457389831543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5089/9781589061163.071.ch012","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5089/9781589061163.071.ch012","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5089/9781589061163.071.ch012","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463460","display_name":"International Monetary Fund eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316166","host_organization_name":"International Monetary Fund","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316166","https://openalex.org/P4310321776"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["International Monetary Fund","United Nations"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Governance, Corruption, and Economic Performance","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.879367","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.879367","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.879367","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:eee:poleco:v:17:y:2001:i:4:p:749-777","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0176-2680(01)00054-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.879367","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.879367","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.879367","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.9595999717712402,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.7599999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W39552440","https://openalex.org/W587023681","https://openalex.org/W611493878","https://openalex.org/W635715549","https://openalex.org/W1517974838","https://openalex.org/W1550693638","https://openalex.org/W1553402751","https://openalex.org/W1567773991","https://openalex.org/W1592495105","https://openalex.org/W1980315938","https://openalex.org/W1990186700","https://openalex.org/W1991128340","https://openalex.org/W2007215387","https://openalex.org/W2010235856","https://openalex.org/W2023319173","https://openalex.org/W2028243237","https://openalex.org/W2047665426","https://openalex.org/W2055078415","https://openalex.org/W2057811978","https://openalex.org/W2070991580","https://openalex.org/W2079420979","https://openalex.org/W2104991315","https://openalex.org/W2107992979","https://openalex.org/W2120303470","https://openalex.org/W2134472446","https://openalex.org/W3122705141","https://openalex.org/W3125784307"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4250356577","https://openalex.org/W2908897541","https://openalex.org/W3020737639","https://openalex.org/W4411753904","https://openalex.org/W3198459505","https://openalex.org/W7160492838","https://openalex.org/W2946568220","https://openalex.org/W7036980699","https://openalex.org/W809775929","https://openalex.org/W2074561568"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}