{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2015852483","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-968x.2004.00146.x","title":"On the loss of preaspiration in Early Middle English","display_name":"On the loss of preaspiration in Early Middle English","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-03-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2015852483","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-968x.2004.00146.x","mag":"2015852483"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1467-968x.2004.00146.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-968x.2004.00146.x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-968x.2004.00146.x","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/j.1467-968X.2004.00146.x","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S189776597","display_name":"Transactions of the Philological Society","issn_l":"0079-1636","issn":["0079-1636","1467-968X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transactions of the Philological Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/j.1467-968X.2004.00146.x","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000533649","display_name":"Daniel Schreier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5626-8255","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5626-8255"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60668342","display_name":"University of Regensburg","ror":"https://ror.org/01eezs655","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60668342"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Schreier","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Regensburg"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Regensburg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60668342"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000533649"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60668342"],"apc_list":{"value":2900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2900},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.29415167,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"103","issue":"1","first_page":"99","last_page":"112"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12768","display_name":"Linguistics and language evolution","score":0.9839000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12768","display_name":"Linguistics and language evolution","score":0.9839000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11640","display_name":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","score":0.007499999832361937,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14006","display_name":"Linguistics, Language Diversity, and Identity","score":0.003599999938160181,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preaspiration","display_name":"preaspiration","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-middle-english","display_name":"Early Middle English","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-reduction","display_name":"cluster reduction","score":0.46299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-contact","display_name":"language contact","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/norman-french","display_name":"Norman French","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spelling-conventions","display_name":"spelling conventions","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leveling","display_name":"leveling","score":0.6340000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/new-zealand-english","display_name":"New Zealand English","score":0.6510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-change","display_name":"language change","score":0.4269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/english-phonology","display_name":"English phonology","score":0.47600001096725464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64280408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42365","display_name":"Old English","level":2,"score":0.6170295476913452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.6146865487098694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C550607084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1410327","display_name":"Language contact","level":2,"score":0.613477885723114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.5904287099838257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172173919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1472196","display_name":"Early Modern English","level":2,"score":0.5822092294692993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169105985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36395","display_name":"Middle English","level":2,"score":0.5585816502571106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777801307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2088390","display_name":"Spelling","level":2,"score":0.5434844493865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779796141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930430","display_name":"Eleventh","level":2,"score":0.46601369976997375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.44833120703697205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.3793081045150757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74916050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841090","display_name":"Classics","level":1,"score":0.25002923607826233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.2038327157497406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.18430295586585999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.05785951018333435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1467-968x.2004.00146.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-968x.2004.00146.x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-968x.2004.00146.x","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/j.1467-968X.2004.00146.x","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S189776597","display_name":"Transactions of the Philological Society","issn_l":"0079-1636","issn":["0079-1636","1467-968X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transactions of the Philological Society","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1467-968x.2004.00146.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-968x.2004.00146.x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-968x.2004.00146.x","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/j.1467-968X.2004.00146.x","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S189776597","display_name":"Transactions of the Philological Society","issn_l":"0079-1636","issn":["0079-1636","1467-968X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transactions of the Philological Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2015852483.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2015852483.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W571414153","https://openalex.org/W659550629","https://openalex.org/W1486344527","https://openalex.org/W1964441247","https://openalex.org/W2027047870","https://openalex.org/W2050929714","https://openalex.org/W2053781876","https://openalex.org/W2060642314","https://openalex.org/W2060717313","https://openalex.org/W2092517725","https://openalex.org/W2122589219","https://openalex.org/W2156539109","https://openalex.org/W2164001362","https://openalex.org/W2165173456","https://openalex.org/W2502751972","https://openalex.org/W2963887077","https://openalex.org/W2996600617","https://openalex.org/W4229588232","https://openalex.org/W4232679290","https://openalex.org/W4252162760","https://openalex.org/W4300386811","https://openalex.org/W4302779829","https://openalex.org/W4319589251"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2291485993","https://openalex.org/W2164809739","https://openalex.org/W2006005463","https://openalex.org/W2007889938","https://openalex.org/W2967296838","https://openalex.org/W7074623661","https://openalex.org/W1603606699","https://openalex.org/W3175715219","https://openalex.org/W4411333570","https://openalex.org/W253139064"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,90],"article":[1],"looks":[2],"into":[3],"the":[4,23,37,46,109,119,171],"loss":[5,120],"of":[6,25,49,112,121,131,142,175],"preaspiration":[7,122],"in":[8,18,29,59,75,80,97,123,145,178],"words":[9],"like":[10],"*hnecce,":[11],"\u2018neck\u2019,":[12],"*hl\u0113apan,":[13],"\u2018leap\u2019,":[14],"or":[15],"*hr\u00e6fn,":[16],"\u2018raven\u2019":[17],"Early":[19,100],"Middle":[20],"English.":[21,181],"With":[22],"exception":[24],"/hw-/,":[26],"which":[27,104],"survives":[28],"contemporary":[30],"varieties,":[31],"preaspirated":[32,143,152],"variants":[33,144,155],"were":[34],"lost":[35],"between":[36,165],"eleventh":[38],"and":[39,53,65,71,99,128,153,160,168,173],"fourteenth":[40],"centuries.":[41],"It":[42],"is":[43,67,92],"suggested":[44],"that":[45,76,118,148],"phonotactic":[47],"reduction":[48],"initial":[50],"*/hn-/,":[51],"*/hr-/":[52],"*/hl-/":[54],"clusters":[55],"(which":[56],"effectively":[57],"resulted":[58],"a":[60,69],"merger":[61],"with":[62,87,151],"/n/,":[63],"/r/,":[64],"/l/)":[66],"both":[68],"language-internal":[70],"an":[72,77],"externally-adduced":[73],"process,":[74],"ongoing":[78,176],"change":[79,114],"English":[81,102,124],"was":[82],"catalysed":[83],"through":[84],"language":[85,132],"contact":[86,146,164],"Norman":[88],"French.":[89],"claim":[91],"based":[93],"on":[94],"spelling":[95],"conventions":[96],"Old":[98],"Modern":[101],"texts,":[103],"not":[105],"only":[106],"attest":[107],"to":[108,126],"chronological":[110],"development":[111],"this":[113,137],"but":[115],"also":[116],"indicate":[117],"adhered":[125],"common":[127],"persistent":[129],"patterns":[130],"change.":[133],"Additional":[134],"evidence":[135],"for":[136],"hypothesis":[138],"comes":[139],"from":[140,161],"levelling-out":[141],"scenarios":[147],"involved":[149],"inputs":[150],"non-preaspirated":[154],"(exemplified":[156],"by":[157],"New":[158],"Zealand),":[159],"cases":[162],"where":[163],"English,":[166],"Dutch":[167],"French":[169],"affected":[170],"rate":[172],"trajectory":[174],"changes":[177],"East":[179],"Anglian":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
