{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2015700728","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1977)058<0163:ghetws>2.0.co;2","title":"Great Historical Events that were Significantly Affected by the Weather: 2, The Year Leading to the Revolution of 1789 in France","display_name":"Great Historical Events that were Significantly Affected by the Weather: 2, The Year Leading to the Revolution of 1789 in France","publication_year":1977,"publication_date":"1977-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2015700728","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1977)058<0163:ghetws>2.0.co;2","mag":"2015700728"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1175/1520-0477(1977)058<0163:ghetws>2.0.co;2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1977)058<0163:ghetws>2.0.co;2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1977)058<0163:ghetws>2.0.co;2","pdf_url":"https://journals.ametsoc.org/downloadpdf/journals/bams/58/2/1520-0477_1977_058_0163_ghetws_2_0_co_2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140302479","display_name":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","issn_l":"0003-0007","issn":["0003-0007","1520-0477"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320260","host_organization_name":"American Meteorological Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320260"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Meteorological Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://journals.ametsoc.org/downloadpdf/journals/bams/58/2/1520-0477_1977_058_0163_ghetws_2_0_co_2.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110240176","display_name":"J. Neumann","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197251160","display_name":"Hebrew University of Jerusalem","ror":"https://ror.org/03qxff017","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197251160"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J. Neumann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Atmospheric Sciences The Hebrew University Jerusalem , Israel","Dept. of Atmospheric Sciences The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Atmospheric Sciences The Hebrew University Jerusalem , Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197251160"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Atmospheric Sciences The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197251160"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110240176"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197251160"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":58.6485,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99684054,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"2","first_page":"163","last_page":"168"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12454","display_name":"European Political History Analysis","score":0.798799991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12454","display_name":"European Political History Analysis","score":0.798799991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12909","display_name":"French Historical and Cultural Studies","score":0.06430000066757202,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10605","display_name":"Historical Economic and Social Studies","score":0.057999998331069946,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/french-revolution","display_name":"French Revolution","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/famine","display_name":"famine","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hailstorms","display_name":"hailstorms","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bread-prices","display_name":"bread prices","score":0.6460000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-prices","display_name":"food prices","score":0.4480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-hardship","display_name":"economic hardship","score":0.46399998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-unrest","display_name":"social unrest","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unemployment","display_name":"unemployment","score":0.6230000257492065}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778589402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168247","display_name":"Famine","level":2,"score":0.9345913529396057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5049555897712708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.4568524956703186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781426361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5326940","display_name":"Earnings","level":2,"score":0.45667266845703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778126366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41171","display_name":"Unemployment","level":2,"score":0.4330657422542572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.3980787396430969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6303427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47398","display_name":"Economic history","level":1,"score":0.39153385162353516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.33604374527931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.20065203309059143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.14574694633483887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.09677782654762268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0961976945400238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1175/1520-0477(1977)058<0163:ghetws>2.0.co;2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1977)058<0163:ghetws>2.0.co;2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1977)058<0163:ghetws>2.0.co;2","pdf_url":"https://journals.ametsoc.org/downloadpdf/journals/bams/58/2/1520-0477_1977_058_0163_ghetws_2_0_co_2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140302479","display_name":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","issn_l":"0003-0007","issn":["0003-0007","1520-0477"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320260","host_organization_name":"American Meteorological Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320260"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Meteorological Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1175/1520-0477(1977)058<0163:ghetws>2.0.co;2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1977)058<0163:ghetws>2.0.co;2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1977)058<0163:ghetws>2.0.co;2","pdf_url":"https://journals.ametsoc.org/downloadpdf/journals/bams/58/2/1520-0477_1977_058_0163_ghetws_2_0_co_2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140302479","display_name":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","issn_l":"0003-0007","issn":["0003-0007","1520-0477"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320260","host_organization_name":"American Meteorological Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320260"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Meteorological Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"No poverty","score":0.666700005531311,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1"},{"display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.40450000762939453,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"No poverty","score":0.8100000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320274","display_name":"University of East Anglia","ror":"https://ror.org/026k5mg93"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2015700728.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2015700728.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966468178"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4239487647","https://openalex.org/W4383621440","https://openalex.org/W4416189963","https://openalex.org/W4385530231","https://openalex.org/W2016751887","https://openalex.org/W65595305","https://openalex.org/W4410645400","https://openalex.org/W6922549788","https://openalex.org/W4254289735","https://openalex.org/W7162048968"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,17],"spring":[1],"1788":[2],"a":[3,10,144,155,165],"drought":[4,61,152],"struck":[5],"France":[6,103],"and":[7,14,34,55,57,88,148,160,188],"lead":[8],"to":[9,42,63,84,185,189,203],"poor":[11],"grain":[12],"harvest":[13],"subsequent":[15],"famine.":[16],"July":[18,198],"of":[19,31,49,53,67,78,82,90,99,120,132,143,167,180,210],"the":[20,32,35,60,75,79,100,114,121,127,130,133,141,151,158,161,173,177,181,190,204,208],"same":[21],"year":[22],"an":[23],"intense":[24],"hailstorm":[25],"caused":[26],"additional":[27],"damage":[28],"in":[29,102,111,137,140,164,212],"parts":[30],"country,":[33],"relatively":[36],"harsh":[37],"1788\u201389":[38],"winter":[39],"gave":[40],"rise":[41],"further":[43],"hardships.":[44],"The":[45,97,123],"poorer":[46,115],"classes,":[47],"95%":[48],"whose":[50],"diet":[51],"consisted":[52],"bread":[54],"cereals":[56],"which":[58],"before":[59,197],"had":[62],"spend":[64,85],"about":[65],"55%":[66],"their":[68,91],"earnings":[69],"on":[70,93],"bread,":[71],"were":[72,163],"forced":[73],"by":[74],"famine":[76,174],"conditions":[77,101],"first":[80],"half":[81],"1789":[83,199,211],"now":[86],"85%":[87],"over":[89],"income":[92],"this":[94],"staple":[95],"food.":[96],"severity":[98],"will":[104],"be":[105],"appreciated":[106],"if":[107],"it":[108,183],"is":[109],"borne":[110],"mind":[112],"that":[113,125,135,193],"classes":[116],"constituted":[117],"nearly":[118],"90%":[119],"population.":[122],"famine,":[124],"is,":[126],"drought,":[128],"aggravated":[129],"situation":[131],"country":[134],"was":[136,175],"any":[138],"case":[139],"throes":[142],"10-year":[145],"economic":[146],"slump":[147],"unemployment.":[149],"Moreover,":[150],"came":[153],"at":[154],"time":[156],"when":[157],"nobility":[159],"bourgeoisie":[162],"state":[166],"revolt":[168],"or":[169],"near":[170],"revolt.":[171],"While":[172],"not":[176],"primary":[178],"cause":[179],"revolution,":[182],"contributed":[184],"its":[186],"timing":[187],"widespread":[191],"violence":[192],"broke":[194],"out":[195],"even":[196],"as":[200,202],"well":[201],"violent":[205],"actions":[206],"marking":[207],"summer":[209],"France.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-07T09:17:50.787605","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}