{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2015648305","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3141/1794-01","title":"What Is an Appropriate Sheeting Specification for Prismatic Construction and Maintenance Signs?","display_name":"What Is an Appropriate Sheeting Specification for Prismatic Construction and Maintenance Signs?","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2015648305","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3141/1794-01","mag":"2015648305"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3141/1794-01","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3141/1794-01","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3141/1794-01","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S145575934","display_name":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","issn_l":"0361-1981","issn":["0361-1981","2169-4052"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110103085","display_name":"S C Brich","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154683","display_name":"Virginia Department of Transportation","ror":"https://ror.org/04n8zmx34","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154683"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stephen C. Brich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Traffic Engineering Division, Virginia Department of Transportation, 1401 East Broad Street, Richmond, VA 23219"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Traffic Engineering Division, Virginia Department of Transportation, 1401 East Broad Street, Richmond, VA 23219","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154683"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110103085"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154683"],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5175,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74814191,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"1794","issue":"1","first_page":"3","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14056","display_name":"Safety Warnings and Signage","score":0.8467000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14056","display_name":"Safety Warnings and Signage","score":0.8467000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.09769999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13527","display_name":"Transportation Systems and Logistics","score":0.039400000125169754,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retroreflective-sheeting","display_name":"retroreflective sheeting","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sign-visibility","display_name":"sign visibility","score":0.4869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entrance-angle","display_name":"entrance angle","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viewing-angle","display_name":"viewing angle","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virginia-department-of-transportation","display_name":"Virginia Department of Transportation","score":0.6209999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/highway-safety","display_name":"highway safety","score":0.36899998784065247}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100776233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2532492","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.5488839149475098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.5265179872512817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.5105777382850647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.39370253682136536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.3856150507926941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3141/1794-01","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3141/1794-01","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3141/1794-01","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S145575934","display_name":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","issn_l":"0361-1981","issn":["0361-1981","2169-4052"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W580664588","https://openalex.org/W1597407592","https://openalex.org/W2093415491","https://openalex.org/W2164050931","https://openalex.org/W2516321972"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2568901336","https://openalex.org/W578063485","https://openalex.org/W1575990029","https://openalex.org/W567279167","https://openalex.org/W1544063574","https://openalex.org/W563143158","https://openalex.org/W612541705","https://openalex.org/W649534853","https://openalex.org/W4251564277","https://openalex.org/W186145148"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,66],"Virginia":[1],"Department":[2],"of":[3,40,47],"Transportation\u2019s":[4],"(VDOT)":[5],"Road":[6],"and":[7,17,42,81,84],"Bridge":[8],"Specifications":[9],"require":[10],"that":[11,27,70,85],"retroreflective":[12,29],"sheeting":[13],"used":[14],"on":[15],"construction":[16,80],"maintenance":[18,82],"activity":[19],"signs":[20,83],"be":[21],"a":[22],"fluorescent":[23],"prismatic":[24],"lens":[25],"type":[26],"is":[28,76],"at":[30],"entrance":[31,73,93],"angles":[32,39,87],"as":[33,35],"great":[34],"50\u00b0":[36],"with":[37],"observation":[38,86],"0.2\u00b0":[41],"0.5\u00b0.":[43],"Because":[44],"the":[45,60],"validity":[46],"this":[48,53],"requirement":[49,75],"was":[50,55],"recently":[51],"questioned,":[52],"study":[54,67],"conducted":[56],"to":[57],"determine":[58],"if":[59],"specification":[61],"were":[62],"appropriate":[63,78],"or":[64],"not.":[65],"results":[68],"indicate":[69],"VDOT\u2019s":[71],"wide":[72],"angle":[74],"not":[77],"for":[79],"should":[88],"receive":[89],"more":[90],"attention":[91],"than":[92],"angles.":[94]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}