{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2015603693","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/44.4.930","title":"The Protestant Crusade, 1800-1860: A Study of the Origins of American Nativism","display_name":"The Protestant Crusade, 1800-1860: A Study of the Origins of American Nativism","publication_year":1939,"publication_date":"1939-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2015603693","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/44.4.930","mag":"2015603693"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1086/ahr/44.4.930","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/44.4.930","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/44.4.930","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S197437610","display_name":"The American Historical Review","issn_l":"0002-8762","issn":["0002-8762","1937-5239"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American Historical Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"book-review","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000205486","display_name":"George M. Stephenson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George M. Stephenson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018643698","display_name":"Ray Allen Billington","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ray Allen Billington","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4620,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4620},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":132,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":"4","first_page":"930","last_page":"930"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11507","display_name":"Religion and Society Interactions","score":0.5224999785423279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11507","display_name":"Religion and Society Interactions","score":0.5224999785423279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13445","display_name":"American Constitutional Law and Politics","score":0.2883000075817108,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12454","display_name":"European Political History Analysis","score":0.03500000014901161,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nativism","display_name":"nativism","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protestantism","display_name":"Protestantism","score":0.5960000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anti-catholicism","display_name":"anti-Catholicism","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/religious-revival","display_name":"religious revival","score":0.41200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nineteenth-century-america","display_name":"nineteenth-century United States","score":0.5960000157356262}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67463919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q392512","display_name":"Psychological nativism","level":3,"score":0.9678398370742798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111021475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23540","display_name":"Protestantism","level":2,"score":0.8971390724182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.5526458024978638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.34196847677230835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24667770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34187","display_name":"Religious studies","level":1,"score":0.34133654832839966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.20681709051132202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.09376201033592224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70036468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131288","display_name":"Immigration","level":2,"score":0.03945440053939819}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1086/ahr/44.4.930","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/44.4.930","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/44.4.930","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S197437610","display_name":"The American Historical Review","issn_l":"0002-8762","issn":["0002-8762","1937-5239"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American Historical Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.2307/1844464","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1844464","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1844464","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S197437610","display_name":"The American Historical Review","issn_l":"0002-8762","issn":["0002-8762","1937-5239"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American Historical Review","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1911720218","https://openalex.org/W2797095512","https://openalex.org/W2905334871","https://openalex.org/W2515434454","https://openalex.org/W2328928503","https://openalex.org/W418100056","https://openalex.org/W4249653814","https://openalex.org/W7073717927","https://openalex.org/W4252027731","https://openalex.org/W2108043696"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"George":[0],"M.":[1],"Stephenson;":[2],"The":[3],"Protestant":[4],"Crusade,":[5],"1800\u20131860:":[6],"A":[7],"Study":[8],"of":[9,12,21],"the":[10],"Origins":[11],"American":[13],"Nativism.":[14],"By":[15],"Ray":[16],"Allen":[17],"Billington,":[18],"Assistant":[19],"Professor":[20],"History,":[22],"S":[23]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}