{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2015584008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-009-0051-8","title":"Frailty: Defining and measuring of a concept","display_name":"Frailty: Defining and measuring of a concept","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2015584008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-009-0051-8","mag":"2015584008","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19300888","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12877557"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12603-009-0051-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-009-0051-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-009-0051-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S94854268","display_name":"The journal of nutrition health & aging","issn_l":"1279-7707","issn":["1279-7707","1760-4788"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of nutrition, health and aging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-009-0051-8","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082410916","display_name":"Ruth E. Pel\u2010Littel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4618-3837","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4618-3837"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3018483916","display_name":"University Medical Center Utrecht","ror":"https://ror.org/0575yy874","country_code":"NL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3018483916"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R.E. Pel-Littel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geriatric Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geriatric Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3018483916"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104883236","display_name":"Marieke J. Schuurmans","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6679-2141","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6679-2141"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M.J. Schuurmans","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Professional Education Bolognalaan 101, 3584 CJ, Utrecht, The Netherlands","University of Professional Education Bolognalaan 101"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Professional Education Bolognalaan 101, 3584 CJ, Utrecht, The Netherlands","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Professional Education Bolognalaan 101","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110250710","display_name":"Mari\u00eblle H. Emmelot\u2010Vonk","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3018483916","display_name":"University Medical Center Utrecht","ror":"https://ror.org/0575yy874","country_code":"NL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3018483916"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M.H. Emmelot-Vonk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geriatric Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 85.500 (room B05256), 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands","University Medical center Utrecht"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geriatric Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 85.500 (room B05256), 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3018483916"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Medical center Utrecht","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3018483916"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113863965","display_name":"Harald J J Verhaar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3018483916","display_name":"University Medical Center Utrecht","ror":"https://ror.org/0575yy874","country_code":"NL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3018483916"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H.J.J. Verhaar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geriatric Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 85.500 (room B05256), 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands","University Medical center Utrecht"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geriatric Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 85.500 (room B05256), 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3018483916"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Medical center Utrecht","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3018483916"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3450,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3450},"apc_paid":{"value":3450,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3450},"fwci":15.3577,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":182,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98984184,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"4","first_page":"390","last_page":"394"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11011","display_name":"Frailty in Older Adults","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2717","display_name":"Geriatrics and Gerontology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11011","display_name":"Frailty in Older Adults","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2717","display_name":"Geriatrics and Gerontology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10397","display_name":"Nutrition and Health in Aging","score":0.002300000051036477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10496","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Practices and Patient Outcomes","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2717","display_name":"Geriatrics and Gerontology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frailty","display_name":"frailty","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frailty-assessment","display_name":"frailty assessment","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frailty-assessment-tools","display_name":"frailty assessment tools","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/activities-of-daily-living","display_name":"activities of daily living","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobility-physical-function","display_name":"mobility (physical function)","score":0.5230000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weight-loss","display_name":"weight loss","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/muscle-mass","display_name":"muscle mass","score":0.5569999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bone-mineral-density","display_name":"bone mineral density","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geriatric-assessment","display_name":"geriatric assessment","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frailty-interventions","display_name":"frailty interventions","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resistance-training","display_name":"resistance training","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/older-adults","display_name":"older adults","score":0.5350000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/morbidity-and-mortality","display_name":"morbidity and mortality","score":0.6349999904632568}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.6852850914001465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79544238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423243","display_name":"Activities of daily living","level":2,"score":0.6338067650794983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.605217456817627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214593","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1787939","display_name":"Sarcopenia","level":2,"score":0.5906549096107483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164429055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2070165","display_name":"Institutionalisation","level":2,"score":0.5396580100059509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.5342119932174683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544821477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q718113","display_name":"Weight loss","level":3,"score":0.4879400432109833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.4764302670955658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778595754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177171","display_name":"Frailty syndrome","level":3,"score":0.45149630308151245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779483572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83030","display_name":"Dementia","level":3,"score":0.4279518127441406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54183767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10384","display_name":"Geriatrics","level":2,"score":0.4149738550186157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.3644596338272095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.30841559171676636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909041561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25099514","display_name":"Frailty Index","level":2,"score":0.24563226103782654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.12467840313911438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511355011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12174","display_name":"Obesity","level":2,"score":0.10396718978881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.07193732261657715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000203","descriptor_name":"Activities of Daily Living","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000375","descriptor_name":"Aging","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003071","descriptor_name":"Cognition","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003933","descriptor_name":"Diagnosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009752","descriptor_name":"Nutritional Status","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015577","descriptor_name":"Geriatric Assessment","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016330","descriptor_name":"Frail Elderly","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D051346","descriptor_name":"Mobility Limitation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12603-009-0051-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-009-0051-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-009-0051-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S94854268","display_name":"The journal of nutrition health & aging","issn_l":"1279-7707","issn":["1279-7707","1760-4788"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of nutrition, health and aging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12877557","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12877557/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12877557/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Nutr Health Aging","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:11685199","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12877557","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:19300888","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19300888","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The journal of nutrition, health & aging","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:hbo:oai:hbokennisbank.nl:sharekit_hu:oai:surfsharekit.nl:ab1e32de-5952-4469-bfb4-465ce9dd744d","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://surfsharekit.nl/public/ab1e32de-5952-4469-bfb4-465ce9dd744d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Nutrition, Health and Aging. Springer","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12603-009-0051-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-009-0051-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-009-0051-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S94854268","display_name":"The journal of nutrition health & aging","issn_l":"1279-7707","issn":["1279-7707","1760-4788"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of nutrition, health and aging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9907000064849854}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2015584008.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2015584008.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W107549741","https://openalex.org/W168401717","https://openalex.org/W856533962","https://openalex.org/W1499546297","https://openalex.org/W1533177716","https://openalex.org/W1558421163","https://openalex.org/W1580370361","https://openalex.org/W1580812738","https://openalex.org/W1748423452","https://openalex.org/W1777067760","https://openalex.org/W1931546648","https://openalex.org/W1964410887","https://openalex.org/W1986568472","https://openalex.org/W1987841364","https://openalex.org/W1991306483","https://openalex.org/W1998940826","https://openalex.org/W1999474491","https://openalex.org/W2003020102","https://openalex.org/W2007777745","https://openalex.org/W2012370030","https://openalex.org/W2027100275","https://openalex.org/W2028568610","https://openalex.org/W2029456053","https://openalex.org/W2030493046","https://openalex.org/W2042957979","https://openalex.org/W2054004676","https://openalex.org/W2056248074","https://openalex.org/W2067098675","https://openalex.org/W2067648242","https://openalex.org/W2071482555","https://openalex.org/W2093020751","https://openalex.org/W2094332493","https://openalex.org/W2096924534","https://openalex.org/W2098713111","https://openalex.org/W2104357394","https://openalex.org/W2109802639","https://openalex.org/W2114656311","https://openalex.org/W2117547584","https://openalex.org/W2119911292","https://openalex.org/W2123464099","https://openalex.org/W2123587262","https://openalex.org/W2125050797","https://openalex.org/W2126682523","https://openalex.org/W2141526471","https://openalex.org/W2142814341","https://openalex.org/W2147051349","https://openalex.org/W2152456824","https://openalex.org/W2152890323","https://openalex.org/W2164059021","https://openalex.org/W2164186760","https://openalex.org/W2164490371","https://openalex.org/W2166435776","https://openalex.org/W2168621664","https://openalex.org/W2316138036","https://openalex.org/W2334583744","https://openalex.org/W2397754164","https://openalex.org/W2579628708","https://openalex.org/W2620474270","https://openalex.org/W4292545527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1995994460","https://openalex.org/W4409372201","https://openalex.org/W2109802639","https://openalex.org/W4319036449","https://openalex.org/W2162599109","https://openalex.org/W2340166023","https://openalex.org/W7099742597","https://openalex.org/W2072054408","https://openalex.org/W4416445386","https://openalex.org/W197890458"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Older,":[0],"more":[1],"vulnerable":[2],"individuals":[3],"are":[4,66,72,91,101],"increasingly":[5],"often":[6,17,132],"described":[7],"in":[8,47,103,151],"the":[9,62,68,127,154,181],"literature":[10],"as":[11,19],"being":[12,20],"frail.":[13],"Because":[14],"frailty":[15,65,90,100,150,169],"is":[16,29,42,122],"perceived":[18],"undesirable":[21],"and":[22,38,58,85,94,117,131,156,176],"associated":[23],"with":[24,49],"high":[25],"health":[26],"risks,":[27],"it":[28],"important":[30],"to":[31,119,148,163],"establish":[32],"how":[33],"we":[34],"can":[35],"predict,":[36],"recognize,":[37],"treat":[39],"frailty.":[40],"Frailty":[41],"predisposed":[43],"by":[44],"advancing":[45],"age":[46],"combination":[48,136],"physiological":[50],"deterioration,":[51],"especially":[52],"a":[53,73,135,140],"loss":[54],"of":[55,64,75,77,89,99,111,129,137,142,158,183],"muscle":[56,172],"mass":[57],"bone":[59],"density.":[60],"Although":[61,139],"symptoms":[63,71],"diverse,":[67],"most":[69],"common":[70],"deterioration":[74],"activities":[76],"daily":[78],"living":[79],"(ADL),":[80],"mobility,":[81],"nutritional":[82],"status,":[83],"cognition,":[84],"endurance.":[86],"The":[87,96],"consequences":[88],"institutionalization,":[92],"morbidity,":[93],"mortality.":[95],"main":[97],"determinants":[98],"limitations":[102],"ADL,":[104],"weight":[105],"loss,":[106],"diminished":[107],"mobility":[108],"or":[109],"patterns":[110],"activity,":[112],"lowered":[113],"serum":[114],"cholesterol":[115],"level,":[116],"sensitivity":[118],"change.":[120],"There":[121],"no":[123],"gold":[124],"standard":[125],"for":[126],"measurement":[128],"frailty,":[130],"studies":[133],"use":[134],"instruments.":[138],"couple":[141],"multidimensional":[143],"instruments":[144,160],"have":[145,161],"been":[146],"developed":[147],"measure":[149],"its":[152],"totality,":[153],"reliability":[155],"validity":[157],"these":[159],"yet":[162],"be":[164],"established.":[165],"Successful":[166],"interventions":[167],"against":[168],"include":[170],"increasing":[171],"strength":[173],"through":[174],"training":[175],"individualized":[177],"recommendations":[178],"made":[179],"on":[180],"basis":[182],"an":[184],"extensive":[185],"geriatric":[186],"assessment.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":18}],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}