{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2015541383","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10683169608409780","title":"A Field evaluation of training in three methods of witness/victim investigative interviewing","display_name":"A Field evaluation of training in three methods of witness/victim investigative interviewing","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2015541383","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10683169608409780","mag":"2015541383"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/10683169608409780","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10683169608409780","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10683169608409780","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S46260470","display_name":"Psychology Crime and Law","issn_l":"1068-316X","issn":["1068-316X","1477-2744"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychology, Crime &amp; Law","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020185063","display_name":"Brian R. Clifford","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157227730","display_name":"University of East London","ror":"https://ror.org/057jrqr44","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157227730"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian R. Clifford","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of East London","U East London, Stratford Campus, Psychology Dept, London, England"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of East London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157227730"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"U East London, Stratford Campus, Psychology Dept, London, England","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157227730"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061976501","display_name":"Richard George","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard George","raw_affiliation_strings":["City of London Police"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City of London Police","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.1052,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":117,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94503747,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"3","first_page":"231","last_page":"248"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12268","display_name":"Deception detection and forensic psychology","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12268","display_name":"Deception detection and forensic psychology","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11076","display_name":"Policing Practices and Perceptions","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13076","display_name":"Torture, Ethics, and Law","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/investigative-interviewing","display_name":"investigative interviewing","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/witness-examination","display_name":"witness examination","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/victim-interviewing","display_name":"victim interviewing","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/police-training","display_name":"police training","score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecological-validity","display_name":"ecological validity","score":0.5820000171661377}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24845683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178651","display_name":"Interview","level":2,"score":0.8610471487045288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7959717512130737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776900844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8028383","display_name":"Witness","level":2,"score":0.7386106848716736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75969862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141215","display_name":"Cognitive interview","level":3,"score":0.7376992106437683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.5672121644020081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.5141332745552063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4891110062599182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.4796236455440521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.46487927436828613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.37376266717910767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.32944101095199585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.1375466287136078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0883779227733612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.08278980851173401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/10683169608409780","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10683169608409780","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10683169608409780","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S46260470","display_name":"Psychology Crime and Law","issn_l":"1068-316X","issn":["1068-316X","1477-2744"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychology, Crime &amp; Law","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5473999977111816,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.6499999761581421,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Clinical Trial","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W245567587","https://openalex.org/W646301215","https://openalex.org/W1590740539","https://openalex.org/W1663639398","https://openalex.org/W1784440276","https://openalex.org/W1877307753","https://openalex.org/W1966281839","https://openalex.org/W1967197767","https://openalex.org/W1995570429","https://openalex.org/W2000394115","https://openalex.org/W2008741658","https://openalex.org/W2010853140","https://openalex.org/W2016385285","https://openalex.org/W2025668003","https://openalex.org/W2047333374","https://openalex.org/W2134654456","https://openalex.org/W2904760688","https://openalex.org/W2907673751","https://openalex.org/W2919049789","https://openalex.org/W3021091992","https://openalex.org/W3109068248","https://openalex.org/W4207080468"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2511468663","https://openalex.org/W2158150666","https://openalex.org/W2907080184","https://openalex.org/W2056288834","https://openalex.org/W2091270007","https://openalex.org/W2921776367","https://openalex.org/W2009754029","https://openalex.org/W2026492595","https://openalex.org/W7064751263","https://openalex.org/W2027433123"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Using":[0],"serving":[1],"policemen":[2],"and":[3,80,85,94,139,168],"policewomen":[4],"with":[5,60],"real-life":[6],"witnesses/victims":[7],"of":[8,16,25,47,52,56,65,74,82,89,108,112,120,130,153,199],"mime,":[9],"this":[10,177],"study":[11],"explored":[12],"the":[13,35,72,75,86,109,118,121,131,150,154,186,197,209],"relative":[14,87],"merits":[15],"three":[17,54],"training":[18,57,96],"methods":[19],"in":[20,33,67,163,176,196,201,225],"investigative":[21,160],"interviewing.":[22],"Police":[23],"personnel":[24],"five":[26],"or":[27,44,134],"more":[28],"years'":[29],"experience":[30],"were":[31,97,103],"trained":[32,123,133],"either":[34],"enhanced":[36],"Cognitive":[37,155],"Interview":[38,156],"technique":[39,162],"(CI),":[40],"Conversational":[41,174],"Management":[42,175],"(CM),":[43],"a":[45,68,158,218],"combination":[46],"both":[48],"(CI+CM).":[49],"The":[50,179,192],"efficacy":[51],"these":[53],"forms":[55],"was":[58,115],"compared":[59],"an":[61],"untrained":[62],"(control)":[63],"group":[64],"police,":[66],"before-after":[69],"design.":[70],"Both":[71],"nature":[73],"interviewers;":[76],"behaviour":[77],"(number,":[78],"rate":[79],"type":[81],"questions":[83],"asked)":[84],"amounts":[88],"relevant":[90,166],"information":[91],"elicited":[92],"before":[93],"after":[95],"looked":[98],"at.":[99],"Twenty":[100],"eight":[101],"police":[102,211],"randomly":[104],"allocated":[105],"to":[106,173],"one":[107],"four":[110,203],"conditions":[111],"training.":[113],"It":[114],"found":[116,195],"that":[117,181],"interview-behaviour":[119],"CI-only":[122],"officers":[124],"changes":[125],"much":[126],"mote":[127],"than":[128],"any":[129],"other":[132],"control":[135,219],"groups":[136,205],"between":[137],"pre-":[138],"post-training":[140],"phases":[141],"(p":[142],"<":[143],".001).":[144],"These":[145],"findings":[146],"offer":[147],"support":[148],"for":[149],"ecological":[151],"validity":[152],"as":[157,217],"powerful":[159],"interviewing":[161],"eliciting":[164],"potentially":[165],"in-formation":[167],"strongly":[169],"implies":[170],"its":[171],"superiority":[172],"regard.":[178],"finding":[180],"CI+CM":[182],"did":[183],"not":[184],"produce":[185],"best":[187],"result":[188],"overall":[189],"is":[190],"discussed.":[191],"marked":[193],"commonality":[194],"pattern":[198],"questioning":[200],"all":[202],"pre-trained":[204],"offers":[206],"insight":[207],"into":[208],"\u2018standard":[210],"interview\u2019":[212],"which,":[213],"while":[214],"often":[215],"used":[216],"condition,":[220],"has":[221],"remained":[222],"largely":[223],"unarticulated":[224],"published":[226],"studies.":[227]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-21T09:56:26.102985","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}