{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2015504257","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3703.504","title":"Relation Between Phonologic Difficulty and the Occurrence of Disfluencies in the Early Stage of Stuttering","display_name":"Relation Between Phonologic Difficulty and the Occurrence of Disfluencies in the Early Stage of Stuttering","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2015504257","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3703.504","mag":"2015504257","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8084182"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1044/jshr.3703.504","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3703.504","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3703.504","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110744938","display_name":"Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research","issn_l":"1092-4388","issn":["1092-4388","1558-9102"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","ccf-b","cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320281","host_organization_name":"American Speech\u2013Language\u2013Hearing Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320281"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Speech\u2013Language\u2013Hearing Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064549292","display_name":"Rebecca Niermann Throneburg","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rebecca Niermann Throneburg","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053534812","display_name":"Ehud Yairi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ehud Yairi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064787757","display_name":"Elaine Pagel Paden","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elaine P. Paden","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.6035,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":77,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92217616,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"3","first_page":"504","last_page":"509"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12684","display_name":"Stuttering Research and Treatment","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12684","display_name":"Stuttering Research and Treatment","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10730","display_name":"Language Development and Disorders","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stuttering","display_name":"stuttering","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-disfluency","display_name":"disfluency","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preschool-children","display_name":"preschool children","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-stuttering","display_name":"early stuttering","score":0.5360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stuttering-severity","display_name":"stuttering severity","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-frequency","display_name":"word frequency","score":0.3580000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spontaneous-speech","display_name":"spontaneous speech","score":0.5609999895095825}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781371259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186676","display_name":"Stuttering","level":2,"score":0.9312098026275635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777413886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3276013","display_name":"Fluency","level":2,"score":0.7039425373077393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6995164752006531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777102477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10469820","display_name":"Language disorder","level":3,"score":0.5983619093894958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779985889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058691","display_name":"Communication disorder","level":4,"score":0.5445806980133057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779337067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4800961","display_name":"Articulation (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.5132834911346436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.4997689723968506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.4100790023803711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.25068163871765137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.22423425316810608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.09499436616897583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002675","descriptor_name":"Child, Preschool","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010700","descriptor_name":"Phonetics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012720","descriptor_name":"Severity of Illness Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013068","descriptor_name":"Speech Production Measurement","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013342","descriptor_name":"Stuttering","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017668","descriptor_name":"Age of Onset","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1044/jshr.3703.504","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3703.504","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3703.504","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110744938","display_name":"Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research","issn_l":"1092-4388","issn":["1092-4388","1558-9102"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","ccf-b","cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320281","host_organization_name":"American Speech\u2013Language\u2013Hearing Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320281"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Speech\u2013Language\u2013Hearing Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:8084182","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8084182","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of speech and hearing research","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.951.9061","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.951.9061","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://works.bepress.com/rebecca_throneburg/5/download/","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:thekeep.eiu.edu:commdis_fac-1005","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://thekeep.eiu.edu/commdis_fac/6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738785026","display_name":"Journal of Collective Bargaining in the Academy","issn_l":"1941-8043","issn":["1941-8043"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316535","host_organization_name":"National Center for the Study of Collective Bargaining in Higher Education and the Professions","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316535"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Center for the Study of Collective Bargaining in Higher Education and the Professions"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty Research and Creative Activity","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:thekeep.eiu.edu:commdis_fac-1027","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://works.bepress.com/rebecca_throneburg/5/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196467","display_name":"The Keep (Eastern Illinois University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I153871386","host_organization_name":"Eastern Illinois University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153871386"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty Research and Creative Activity","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.5683000087738037,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.7599999904632568,"display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9399809","display_name":"DEVELOPMENTAL TRENDS OF EARLY CHILDHOOD STUTTERING","funder_award_id":"R01DC000459","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337352","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337352","display_name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","ror":"https://ror.org/04mhx6838"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1535806862","https://openalex.org/W1540762994","https://openalex.org/W1582729587","https://openalex.org/W1964573114","https://openalex.org/W1967287027","https://openalex.org/W1968949672","https://openalex.org/W1974842820","https://openalex.org/W1980587250","https://openalex.org/W1981682006","https://openalex.org/W1991376338","https://openalex.org/W2003146486","https://openalex.org/W2006512356","https://openalex.org/W2016753131","https://openalex.org/W2026553711","https://openalex.org/W2026567118","https://openalex.org/W2034507760","https://openalex.org/W2038142450","https://openalex.org/W2065339017","https://openalex.org/W2069658545","https://openalex.org/W2079696258","https://openalex.org/W2092574908","https://openalex.org/W2179350756","https://openalex.org/W2488562981","https://openalex.org/W2976581098","https://openalex.org/W2977405945","https://openalex.org/W4293223291"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7098983165","https://openalex.org/W2010281512","https://openalex.org/W2604758246","https://openalex.org/W2084490181","https://openalex.org/W1586271527","https://openalex.org/W1896545494","https://openalex.org/W2094492919","https://openalex.org/W1998113804","https://openalex.org/W4362723048","https://openalex.org/W2086254822"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"People":[0],"who":[1],"stutter,":[2],"especially":[3],"children,":[4],"have":[5],"often":[6],"been":[7],"reported":[8],"to":[9,64,195],"exhibit":[10],"a":[11,51,98,109],"wide":[12],"range":[13],"of":[14,32,45,74,91,102,115,126,137,146,153,159,163,173,182,199],"concomitant":[15],"communication":[16],"problems":[17],"including":[18],"articulation":[19],"and":[20,34,67,83,101,139,186],"phonologic":[21,30,68,89,127,147,180,205],"deficiencies.":[22],"This":[23],"study":[24],"investigated":[25],"the":[26,29,35,43,135,151,156,160,171,179,183,187,200],"relation":[27],"between":[28,170],"difficulty":[31,90,128,148,181],"words":[33,77,116,142,154],"point":[36],"at":[37],"which":[38,95],"stuttering-like":[39,99],"disfluencies":[40,85],"occurred":[41],"in":[42,117,143,155],"speech":[44,72,120,157],"preschool":[46],"children":[47,58],"identified":[48],"as":[49],"having":[50],"stuttering":[52,65,202],"problem":[53],"(n":[54],"=":[55],"24).":[56],"The":[57,88,113,131],"were":[59,86,166],"divided":[60],"into":[61],"subgroups":[62,172],"according":[63],"severity":[66,203],"ability.":[69,206],"A":[70],"spontaneous":[71],"sample":[73,121,158],"approximately":[75],"1,000":[76],"was":[78,97,111,129],"tape-recorded":[79],"from":[80],"each":[81,92,103,118,124,144],"child,":[82],"perceived":[84],"identified.":[87],"word":[93,105,189],"on":[94],"there":[96],"disfluency":[100,110],"fluent":[104,188],"immediately":[106,140],"following":[107,141,190],"such":[108],"categorized.":[112],"proportion":[114,136,152],"child's":[119],"that":[122,134,178],"contained":[123],"category":[125],"determined.":[130],"data":[132],"showed":[133],"disfluent":[138,184],"type":[145,162],"closely":[149],"resembled":[150],"same":[161],"difficulty.":[164],"There":[165],"no":[167],"significant":[168],"differences":[169],"stutterers.":[174],"We":[175],"concluded,":[176],"therefore,":[177],"word,":[185],"it,":[191],"did":[192],"not":[193],"contribute":[194],"fluency":[196],"breakdown":[197],"regardless":[198],"children's":[201],"or":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-01T11:40:01.658920","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}