{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2015473886","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.1998.tb02704.x","title":"Ageing and word processing competence: Compensation or compilation?","display_name":"Ageing and word processing competence: Compensation or compilation?","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2015473886","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.1998.tb02704.x","mag":"2015473886","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9854804"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.2044-8295.1998.tb02704.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.1998.tb02704.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.1998.tb02704.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S179213746","display_name":"British Journal of Psychology","issn_l":"0007-1269","issn":["0007-1269","2044-8295"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"British Journal of Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111546050","display_name":"Stephen J. Westerman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169199633","display_name":"Aston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05j0ve876","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169199633"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stephen J. Westerman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Psychology Institute, Aston University, Birmingham, UK","Psychology Institute, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Psychology Institute, Aston University, Birmingham, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169199633"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Psychology Institute, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169199633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"D. Roy Davies","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169199633","display_name":"Aston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05j0ve876","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169199633"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Roy Davies","raw_affiliation_strings":["Psychology Institute, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Psychology Institute, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169199633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027315843","display_name":"A. Ian Glendon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9607-3989","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9607-3989"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169199633","display_name":"Aston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05j0ve876","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169199633"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Ian Glendon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Psychology Institute, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Psychology Institute, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169199633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114155991","display_name":"R. B. Stammers","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169199633","display_name":"Aston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05j0ve876","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169199633"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rob B. Stammers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Psychology Institute, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Psychology Institute, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169199633"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025982678","display_name":"Gerald Matthews","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8373-6918","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8373-6918"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177639307","display_name":"University of Dundee","ror":"https://ror.org/03h2bxq36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177639307"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gerald Matthews","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Dundee, Dundee"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Dundee, Dundee","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177639307"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111546050"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169199633"],"apc_list":{"value":3800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3800},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7415,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88541667,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"89","issue":"4","first_page":"579","last_page":"597"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11265","display_name":"Aging and Gerontology Research","score":0.8457000255584717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3206","display_name":"Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11265","display_name":"Aging and Gerontology Research","score":0.8457000255584717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3206","display_name":"Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13471","display_name":"Cognitive Functions and Memory","score":0.06520000100135803,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11577","display_name":"Cognitive Abilities and Testing","score":0.043299999088048935,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aging","display_name":"aging","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-skills","display_name":"cognitive skills","score":0.5680000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/older-adults","display_name":"older adults","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-processing","display_name":"word processing","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/text-editing","display_name":"text editing","score":0.6209999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/typing-skills","display_name":"typing skills","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compensation","display_name":"compensation","score":0.5270000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compilation","display_name":"compilation","score":0.5920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-maintenance","display_name":"cognitive maintenance","score":0.5189999938011169}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.8331654071807861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.6284613013267517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100521375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2015382","display_name":"Competence (human resources)","level":2,"score":0.5027177333831787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780069185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7977945","display_name":"Equivalence (formal languages)","level":2,"score":0.4987499713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.46714991331100464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.4247836470603943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.20830771327018738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.13680952787399292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.08070647716522217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000375","descriptor_name":"Aging","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001288","descriptor_name":"Attention","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011597","descriptor_name":"Psychomotor Performance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011930","descriptor_name":"Reaction Time","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015443","descriptor_name":"Word Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.2044-8295.1998.tb02704.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.1998.tb02704.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.1998.tb02704.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S179213746","display_name":"British Journal of Psychology","issn_l":"0007-1269","issn":["0007-1269","2044-8295"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"British Journal of Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:9854804","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9854804","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"No poverty","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","score":0.47999998927116394}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334630","display_name":"Economic and Social Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03n0ht308"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6999384302","https://openalex.org/W2030516151","https://openalex.org/W2054468491","https://openalex.org/W2034310347","https://openalex.org/W2111001876","https://openalex.org/W94296615","https://openalex.org/W2728613179","https://openalex.org/W2914727054","https://openalex.org/W2002586428","https://openalex.org/W38401709"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Composition":[0],"and":[1,22,40,52,79,114],"compilation":[2],"were":[3,27],"examined":[4],"as":[5],"two":[6],"alternative":[7],"hypotheses":[8],"relating":[9],"to":[10,29,118],"'cognitive":[11],"competence'":[12],"in":[13,82,96],"older":[14,41,84,97],"adults.":[15],"Techniques":[16],"of":[17,32,54,58,71,92,107,110,121],"molar":[18],"equivalence-molecular":[19],"decomposition":[20],"(ME-MD)":[21],"molecular":[23,122],"equivalence-molar":[24],"analysis":[25],"(ME-MA)":[26],"used":[28],"investigate":[30],"performance":[31],"experienced":[33],"(over":[34],"100":[35],"hours)":[36],"younger":[37],"(18-30":[38],"years)":[39,43],"(45-66":[42],"adults":[44,98],"on":[45],"a":[46,72],"word":[47],"processing":[48],"task,":[49],"requiring":[50],"insertion":[51],"deletion":[53],"words":[55],"from":[56],"passages":[57],"text.":[59],"There":[60],"was":[61],"some":[62],"indication":[63],"that":[64,89],"typing":[65],"skill":[66,95],"may":[67],"form":[68],"the":[69,83,87,102,119],"basis":[70],"compensatory":[73],"mechanism.":[74],"However,":[75],"differences":[76],"between":[77],"'good'":[78],"'poor'":[80],"performers":[81],"sample":[85],"supported":[86],"position":[88],"high":[90,108],"levels":[91,109],"complex":[93],"task":[94,123],"are":[99,115],"associated":[100],"with":[101],"possession":[103],"(possibly":[104],"through":[105],"maintenance)":[106],"basic":[111],"cognitive":[112],"capacities,":[113],"not":[116],"related":[117],"integration":[120],"components.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}