{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2015442153","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1601-183x.2003.00006.x","title":"The structure of individual differences in Heterogeneous Stock mice across problem types and motivational systems","display_name":"The structure of individual differences in Heterogeneous Stock mice across problem types and motivational systems","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-01-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2015442153","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1601-183x.2003.00006.x","mag":"2015442153","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12882318"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1034/j.1601-183x.2003.00006.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1601-183x.2003.00006.x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1601-183x.2003.00006.x","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1034/j.1601-183X.2003.00006.x","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134433296","display_name":"Genes Brain & Behavior","issn_l":"1601-183X","issn":["1601-183X","1601-1848"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Genes, Brain and Behavior","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1034/j.1601-183X.2003.00006.x","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011966993","display_name":"Charles Locurto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5635-0566","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5635-0566"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107139065","display_name":"College of the Holy Cross","ror":"https://ror.org/05dwp6855","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107139065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"C. Locurto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, PO Box 75A, College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, MA 01610, USA. clocurto@holycross.edu","Department of Psychology, PO Box 75A, College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, MA 01610, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, PO Box 75A, College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, MA 01610, USA. clocurto@holycross.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107139065"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, PO Box 75A, College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, MA 01610, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107139065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049010245","display_name":"E. Fortin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107139065","display_name":"College of the Holy Cross","ror":"https://ror.org/05dwp6855","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107139065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Fortin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, PO Box 75A, College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, MA 01610, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, PO Box 75A, College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, MA 01610, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107139065"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"R. Sullivan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107139065","display_name":"College of the Holy Cross","ror":"https://ror.org/05dwp6855","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107139065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Sullivan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, PO Box 75A, College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, MA 01610, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, PO Box 75A, College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, MA 01610, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107139065"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011966993"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107139065"],"apc_list":{"value":3540,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3540},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3351,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":51,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91554482,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"1","first_page":"40","last_page":"55"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11577","display_name":"Cognitive Abilities and Testing","score":0.9595000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11577","display_name":"Cognitive Abilities and Testing","score":0.9595000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10056","display_name":"Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior","score":0.008999999612569809,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10448","display_name":"Memory and Neural Mechanisms","score":0.007699999958276749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/individual-differences","display_name":"individual differences","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/problem-solving","display_name":"problem solving","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/positive-manifold","display_name":"positive manifold","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/factor-structure","display_name":"factor structure","score":0.6340000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/place-learning","display_name":"place learning","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radial-arm-maze","display_name":"radial maze","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/working-memory","display_name":"working memory","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motivation","display_name":"motivation","score":0.527999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-dark-test","display_name":"light/dark test","score":0.5920000076293945}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.671252965927124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117220453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842","display_name":"Correlation","level":2,"score":0.48496460914611816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.48235005140304565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.44928717613220215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21963081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11337567","display_name":"Working memory","level":3,"score":0.44732189178466797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158693339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190524","display_name":"Eigenvalues and eigenvectors","level":2,"score":0.4468228220939636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106487976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.44429516792297363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.40408116579055786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.39223340153694153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3681769371032715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.35096365213394165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.33667856454849243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3060016632080078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006185","descriptor_name":"Habituation, Psychophysiologic","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008815","descriptor_name":"Mice, Inbred Strains","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009042","descriptor_name":"Motivation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011340","descriptor_name":"Problem Solving","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013045","descriptor_name":"Species Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018782","descriptor_name":"Maze Learning","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051379","descriptor_name":"Mice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1034/j.1601-183x.2003.00006.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1601-183x.2003.00006.x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1601-183x.2003.00006.x","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1034/j.1601-183X.2003.00006.x","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134433296","display_name":"Genes Brain & Behavior","issn_l":"1601-183X","issn":["1601-183X","1601-1848"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Genes, Brain and Behavior","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:12882318","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12882318","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Genes, brain, and behavior","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1034/j.1601-183x.2003.00006.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1601-183x.2003.00006.x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1601-183x.2003.00006.x","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1034/j.1601-183X.2003.00006.x","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134433296","display_name":"Genes Brain & Behavior","issn_l":"1601-183X","issn":["1601-183X","1601-1848"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Genes, Brain and Behavior","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3972350241","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R15MH59997-01A1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4218784254","display_name":"INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES AND A SPATIAL FACTOR IN MICE","funder_award_id":"1r15mh059997-01a1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04xeg9z08"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2015442153.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2015442153.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W140830679","https://openalex.org/W581581131","https://openalex.org/W594155616","https://openalex.org/W1496408409","https://openalex.org/W1505423068","https://openalex.org/W1557941956","https://openalex.org/W1736648442","https://openalex.org/W1966773322","https://openalex.org/W1978122965","https://openalex.org/W1979036752","https://openalex.org/W1982979344","https://openalex.org/W1984365975","https://openalex.org/W1999350928","https://openalex.org/W2001603451","https://openalex.org/W2001657053","https://openalex.org/W2008544186","https://openalex.org/W2012226634","https://openalex.org/W2018104840","https://openalex.org/W2033319161","https://openalex.org/W2042483159","https://openalex.org/W2045398769","https://openalex.org/W2048697903","https://openalex.org/W2052595156","https://openalex.org/W2058672884","https://openalex.org/W2059142850","https://openalex.org/W2066661277","https://openalex.org/W2067282613","https://openalex.org/W2073026269","https://openalex.org/W2078455576","https://openalex.org/W2088963425","https://openalex.org/W2133487567","https://openalex.org/W2148300948","https://openalex.org/W2166248226","https://openalex.org/W2324895102","https://openalex.org/W2499433558","https://openalex.org/W2908934668","https://openalex.org/W2995099772"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1984365975","https://openalex.org/W2023603282","https://openalex.org/W2768873779","https://openalex.org/W6981972770","https://openalex.org/W2073026269","https://openalex.org/W2525381355","https://openalex.org/W7110635873","https://openalex.org/W6958146505","https://openalex.org/W7136771952","https://openalex.org/W1572472762"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sixty":[0],"Heterogeneous":[1],"Stock":[2],"(HS)":[3],"mice":[4],"received":[5],"a":[6,21,27,32,40,46,63,120],"battery":[7],"of":[8,42,56,101,110,133],"six":[9],"problem-solving":[10,17,84],"tasks":[11,18,72],"and":[12,45,58,62],"three":[13],"control":[14,53],"procedures.":[15],"The":[16,52,66],"included":[19],"Hebb-Williams,":[20],"place":[22],"learning":[23],"task":[24],"conducted":[25],"in":[26,107],"plus":[28],"maze,":[29,31,39],"radial":[30,38],"working":[33],"memory":[34],"test":[35],"following":[36],"the":[37,90,102,108,124,130],"set":[41],"detour":[43],"problems":[44],"visual":[47],"non-matching":[48],"to":[49,93,119],"sample":[50],"task.":[51],"procedures":[54],"consisted":[55],"land":[57],"water":[59],"activity":[60],"measures":[61],"light-dark":[64],"test.":[65],"correlation":[67,91],"matrix":[68,92,134],"derived":[69],"from":[70],"these":[71],"did":[73],"not":[74],"exhibit":[75],"positive":[76,80],"manifold,":[77],"that":[78],"is,":[79],"correlations":[81],"across":[82],"all":[83],"tasks.":[85],"Principal":[86],"components":[87,95,126],"analysis":[88],"reduced":[89],"four":[94,125],"with":[96,123],"eigenvalues":[97],"exceeding":[98],"1.0.":[99],"Instead":[100],"general":[103],"factor":[104],"solution":[105],"common":[106],"study":[109],"human":[111],"problem-solving,":[112],"this":[113],"component":[114],"structure":[115],"appeared":[116],"more":[117],"congenial":[118],"modular":[121],"interpretation,":[122],"each":[127],"explaining":[128],"approximately":[129],"same":[131],"magnitude":[132],"variance.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}