{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2015384474","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2014.00111","title":"Obstacles to applications of nanostructured thermoelectric alloys","display_name":"Obstacles to applications of nanostructured thermoelectric alloys","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-12-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2015384474","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2014.00111","mag":"2015384474","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25566529","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4270244"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fchem.2014.00111","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2014.00111","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2014.00111","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2014.00111/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764970645","display_name":"Frontiers in Chemistry","issn_l":"2296-2646","issn":["2296-2646"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Chemistry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2014.00111/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036206520","display_name":"Peter Anand Sharma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3071-7382","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3071-7382"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104735","display_name":"Sandia National Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/01apwpt12","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peter A. Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Quantum Phenomena, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Quantum Phenomena, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109430620","display_name":"Joshua D. Sugar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4575-2807","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4575-2807"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192454743","display_name":"Sandia National Laboratories California","ror":"https://ror.org/058m7ey48","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I192454743","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joshua D. Sugar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Materials Physics, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Materials Physics, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192454743"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036206520"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104735"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":0.6731,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63767271,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":null,"first_page":"111","last_page":"111"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10440","display_name":"Advanced Thermoelectric Materials and Devices","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10440","display_name":"Advanced Thermoelectric Materials and Devices","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14128","display_name":"Metallurgical and Alloy Processes","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2500","display_name":"General Materials Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11100","display_name":"Intermetallics and Advanced Alloy Properties","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intermetallic-alloys","display_name":"intermetallic alloys","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanostructure-formation","display_name":"nanostructure formation","score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermoelectric-figure-of-merit","display_name":"figure of merit ZT","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-stability","display_name":"thermal stability","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermoelectric-materials","display_name":"thermoelectric materials","score":0.7509999871253967}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63024428","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q552456","display_name":"Thermoelectric effect","level":2,"score":0.6904847025871277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207365445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15020929","display_name":"Thermoelectric materials","level":3,"score":0.5279912948608398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.48683232069015503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20556612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4469374","display_name":"Volume (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.47396203875541687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4716811776161194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61696701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q770766","display_name":"Engineering physics","level":1,"score":0.37627413868904114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.18134137988090515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.14378473162651062}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fchem.2014.00111","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2014.00111","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2014.00111","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2014.00111/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764970645","display_name":"Frontiers in Chemistry","issn_l":"2296-2646","issn":["2296-2646"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Chemistry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:3254718","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4270244","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:25566529","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25566529","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in chemistry","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4270244","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4270244/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Front Chem","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1628997","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1628997","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1628997","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.806.8156","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.806.8156","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/9d/41/fchem-02-00111.PMC4270244.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:749fb8c851a34b0f933363953704510b","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/749fb8c851a34b0f933363953704510b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Chemistry, Vol 2 (2014)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fchem.2014.00111","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2014.00111","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2014.00111","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2014.00111/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764970645","display_name":"Frontiers in Chemistry","issn_l":"2296-2646","issn":["2296-2646"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Chemistry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332369","display_name":"National Nuclear Security Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/03sk1we31"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338291","display_name":"Sandia National Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/01apwpt12"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2015384474.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2015384474.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1851232153","https://openalex.org/W1965893038","https://openalex.org/W1975470642","https://openalex.org/W1978621826","https://openalex.org/W1991158357","https://openalex.org/W1997341140","https://openalex.org/W2014528530","https://openalex.org/W2014728232","https://openalex.org/W2019189906","https://openalex.org/W2028859188","https://openalex.org/W2045068255","https://openalex.org/W2058586652","https://openalex.org/W2075912969","https://openalex.org/W2076218685","https://openalex.org/W2089055530","https://openalex.org/W2164653758","https://openalex.org/W2172982381","https://openalex.org/W2503678557"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1976037442","https://openalex.org/W2110830581","https://openalex.org/W2094972715","https://openalex.org/W2318656293","https://openalex.org/W2090817327","https://openalex.org/W2169105407","https://openalex.org/W7027844125","https://openalex.org/W2114543832","https://openalex.org/W2075912969","https://openalex.org/W2953837124"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"major":[1],"theme":[2],"in":[3,17,63,80],"thermoelectric":[4,47,81],"research":[5],"is":[6],"based":[7,69],"on":[8,70,95],"controlling":[9],"the":[10],"formation":[11],"of":[12,24,35,49,57],"nanostructures":[13,38],"that":[14],"occur":[15],"naturally":[16],"bulk":[18],"intermetallic":[19],"alloys":[20],"through":[21,99],"various":[22],"types":[23],"thermodynamic":[25,71],"phase":[26,72],"transformation":[27],"processes":[28],"(He":[29],"et":[30],"al.,":[31],"2013).":[32],"The":[33],"question":[34],"how":[36],"such":[37],"form":[39],"and":[40,55,86],"why":[41],"they":[42],"lead":[43],"to":[44,78],"a":[45],"high":[46],"figure":[48],"merit":[50],"(zT)":[51],"are":[52,88],"scientifically":[53],"interesting":[54],"worthy":[56],"attention.":[58],"However,":[59],"as":[60],"we":[61],"discuss":[62],"this":[64],"opinion,":[65],"any":[66],"processing":[67],"route":[68],"transformations":[73],"alone":[74],"will":[75],"be":[76,93],"difficult":[77],"implement":[79],"applications":[82],"where":[83],"thermal":[84],"stability":[85],"reliability":[87],"important.":[89],"Attention":[90],"should":[91],"also":[92],"focused":[94],"overcoming":[96],"these":[97],"limitations":[98],"advanced":[100],"post-processing":[101],"techniques.":[102]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}