{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2015377467","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/272814a0","title":"The deep fovea as a focus indicator","display_name":"The deep fovea as a focus indicator","publication_year":1978,"publication_date":"1978-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2015377467","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/272814a0","mag":"2015377467","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/643070"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/272814a0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/272814a0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/272814a0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137773608","display_name":"Nature","issn_l":"0028-0836","issn":["0028-0836","1476-4687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005283353","display_name":"LINDESAY HARKNESS","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"LINDESAY HARKNESS","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, UK","Man Vehicle Laboratory, Massachussetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachussetts, 02139","Biology Laboratories, Harvard University, Cambridge"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Man Vehicle Laboratory, Massachussetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachussetts, 02139","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biology Laboratories, Harvard University, Cambridge","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113516708","display_name":"Henry C. Bennet-Clark","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. C. BENNET-CLARK","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, UK","Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, UK#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, UK#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":12690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":12690},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8693,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":60,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72968572,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"272","issue":"5656","first_page":"814","last_page":"816"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":0.9814000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":0.9814000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13100","display_name":"Comparative Animal Anatomy Studies","score":0.0044999998062849045,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2702","display_name":"Anatomy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10691","display_name":"Retinal Development and Disorders","score":0.003000000026077032,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fovea","display_name":"fovea","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-acuity","display_name":"visual acuity","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-magnification","display_name":"image magnification","score":0.48399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chromatic-aberration","display_name":"chromatic aberration","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fixation","display_name":"fixation","score":0.5979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion-detection","display_name":"motion detection","score":0.5080000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binocular-vision","display_name":"binocular vision","score":0.5870000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/birds","display_name":"birds","score":0.32899999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lizards","display_name":"lizards","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/primates","display_name":"primates","score":0.9229999780654907}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30181142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865103","display_name":"Foveal","level":3,"score":0.7685562968254089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146249460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2914991","display_name":"Fixation (population genetics)","level":3,"score":0.567118763923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4144372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q675287","display_name":"Magnification","level":2,"score":0.5473109483718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5162630081176758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778257484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q555066","display_name":"Visual acuity","level":2,"score":0.5022580623626709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779736970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865103","display_name":"Fovea centralis","level":4,"score":0.5015921592712402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777093970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169342","display_name":"Retina","level":2,"score":0.4821471869945526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46242111921310425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780827179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422001","display_name":"Retinal","level":2,"score":0.4447566866874695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4404337704181671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119767625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618211","display_name":"Optometry","level":1,"score":0.40735000371932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3816419243812561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3145253360271454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.27628934383392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.24433958530426025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1914052963256836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003201","descriptor_name":"Computers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005584","descriptor_name":"Fovea Centralis","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005584","descriptor_name":"Fovea Centralis","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007909","descriptor_name":"Lenses","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008266","descriptor_name":"Macula Lutea","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014785","descriptor_name":"Vision, Ocular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/272814a0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/272814a0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/272814a0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137773608","display_name":"Nature","issn_l":"0028-0836","issn":["0028-0836","1476-4687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:643070","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/643070","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W28339986","https://openalex.org/W640821660","https://openalex.org/W1516708974","https://openalex.org/W1910494449","https://openalex.org/W1979713354","https://openalex.org/W2022650204","https://openalex.org/W2024935827","https://openalex.org/W2046034751","https://openalex.org/W2065792687","https://openalex.org/W2072874455","https://openalex.org/W2091051874","https://openalex.org/W2295340755","https://openalex.org/W2318517747","https://openalex.org/W2324132686"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2005275315","https://openalex.org/W1910494449","https://openalex.org/W2017390881","https://openalex.org/W2913349285","https://openalex.org/W4200023798","https://openalex.org/W2095085712","https://openalex.org/W4205241875","https://openalex.org/W2091518328","https://openalex.org/W3126892690","https://openalex.org/W4238177123"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}