{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2015349792","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.3500514","title":"Blocking of HIV-1 Infectivity by a Soluble, Secreted Form of the CD4 Antigen","display_name":"Blocking of HIV-1 Infectivity by a Soluble, Secreted Form of the CD4 Antigen","publication_year":1987,"publication_date":"1987-12-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2015349792","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.3500514","mag":"2015349792","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3500514"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1126/science.3500514","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.3500514","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.3500514","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3880285","display_name":"Science","issn_l":"0036-8075","issn":["0036-8075","0193-4511","1095-9203"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028906571","display_name":"Douglas H. Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0813-421X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0813-421X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183934855","display_name":"Genentech","ror":"https://ror.org/04gndp242","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118019719","https://openalex.org/I129302853","https://openalex.org/I183934855"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Douglas H. Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183934855"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019994958","display_name":"Randal A. Byrn","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Randal A. Byrn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, New England Deaconess Hospital, Boston, MA 02215"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, New England Deaconess Hospital, Boston, MA 02215","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078372515","display_name":"Scot A. Marsters","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8517-0994","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8517-0994"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183934855","display_name":"Genentech","ror":"https://ror.org/04gndp242","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118019719","https://openalex.org/I129302853","https://openalex.org/I183934855"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Scot A. Marsters","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183934855"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007898097","display_name":"Timothy J. Gregory","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9249-3791","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9249-3791"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183934855","display_name":"Genentech","ror":"https://ror.org/04gndp242","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118019719","https://openalex.org/I129302853","https://openalex.org/I183934855"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timothy Gregory","raw_affiliation_strings":["Recovery Process Research and Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Recovery Process Research and Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183934855"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073353369","display_name":"Jerome E. Groopman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jerome E. Groopman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, New England Deaconess Hospital, Boston, MA 02215"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, New England Deaconess Hospital, Boston, MA 02215","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033868732","display_name":"Daniel J. Capon","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183934855","display_name":"Genentech","ror":"https://ror.org/04gndp242","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118019719","https://openalex.org/I129302853","https://openalex.org/I183934855"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel J. Capon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183934855"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":15.706,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":485,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99551066,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"238","issue":"4834","first_page":"1704","last_page":"1707"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10112","display_name":"HIV Research and Treatment","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2406","display_name":"Virology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10112","display_name":"HIV Research and Treatment","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2406","display_name":"Virology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10526","display_name":"HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12159","display_name":"T-cell and Retrovirus Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-1","display_name":"HIV-1","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cd4","display_name":"CD4","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soluble-cd4","display_name":"soluble CD4","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gp120","display_name":"gp120","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neutralizing-antibodies","display_name":"neutralizing antibodies","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-1-infectivity","display_name":"HIV-1 infectivity","score":0.6159999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-1-envelope-glycoprotein","display_name":"HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein","score":0.6190000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmembrane-domain-deletion","display_name":"transmembrane domain deletion","score":0.6230000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aids-therapy","display_name":"AIDS therapy","score":0.6650000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/t-cells","display_name":"T cells","score":0.6039999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macrophages","display_name":"macrophages","score":0.9940000176429749}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106358424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662346","display_name":"Infectivity","level":3,"score":0.7710599303245544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108625454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187126","display_name":"Glycoprotein","level":2,"score":0.6469336748123169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54009773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1429031","display_name":"Transfection","level":3,"score":0.6072254180908203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5653397440910339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190062978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79899","display_name":"Cytoplasm","level":2,"score":0.5378590822219849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.5260522365570068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147483822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103537","display_name":"Antigen","level":2,"score":0.5243406891822815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.5107460021972656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522874641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808","display_name":"Virus","level":2,"score":0.49958181381225586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24530287","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424204","display_name":"Transmembrane protein","level":3,"score":0.48900994658470154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3013748606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15787","display_name":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)","level":2,"score":0.47252729535102844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.47199538350105286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97380033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q994215","display_name":"Viral envelope","level":3,"score":0.44618597626686096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159654299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460","display_name":"Antibody","level":2,"score":0.4443243443965912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.42166250944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153911025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7202","display_name":"Molecular biology","level":1,"score":0.3210917115211487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.29691439867019653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.26856231689453125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.1806947886943817}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000163","descriptor_name":"Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000945","descriptor_name":"Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002460","descriptor_name":"Cell Line","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006678","descriptor_name":"HIV","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006678","descriptor_name":"HIV","qualifier_ui":"Q000472","qualifier_name":"pathogenicity","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006678","descriptor_name":"HIV","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011991","descriptor_name":"Receptors, Virus","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011991","descriptor_name":"Receptors, Virus","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011994","descriptor_name":"Recombinant Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013601","descriptor_name":"T-Lymphocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014759","descriptor_name":"Viral Envelope Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014759","descriptor_name":"Viral Envelope Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1126/science.3500514","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.3500514","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.3500514","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3880285","display_name":"Science","issn_l":"0036-8075","issn":["0036-8075","0193-4511","1095-9203"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:3500514","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3500514","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science (New York, N.Y.)","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9391000270843506,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W85114604","https://openalex.org/W1522102057","https://openalex.org/W1601344030","https://openalex.org/W1968873679","https://openalex.org/W1971057735","https://openalex.org/W1972872628","https://openalex.org/W1981164507","https://openalex.org/W1986309700","https://openalex.org/W1996024432","https://openalex.org/W2005394493","https://openalex.org/W2010732964","https://openalex.org/W2012456268","https://openalex.org/W2026947098","https://openalex.org/W2047242645","https://openalex.org/W2056723350","https://openalex.org/W2060116991","https://openalex.org/W2061566909","https://openalex.org/W2080332747","https://openalex.org/W2080706877","https://openalex.org/W2086369756","https://openalex.org/W2090084965","https://openalex.org/W2111471472","https://openalex.org/W2113282092","https://openalex.org/W2137267461","https://openalex.org/W2140537541","https://openalex.org/W2150956237","https://openalex.org/W2168990989","https://openalex.org/W3020963154"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1991053746","https://openalex.org/W2168894864","https://openalex.org/W2029976935","https://openalex.org/W109279978","https://openalex.org/W2099031713","https://openalex.org/W1986865717","https://openalex.org/W2056235838","https://openalex.org/W2113462194","https://openalex.org/W2000625719","https://openalex.org/W2149956490"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,67],"initial":[1],"event":[2],"in":[3,117],"the":[4,20,23,88,96,118],"infection":[5],"of":[6,22,39,46,52,59,86,90],"human":[7,15],"T":[8],"lymphocytes,":[9],"macrophages,":[10],"and":[11,64,77,83,108],"other":[12,103],"cells":[13,54],"by":[14,50],"immunodeficiency":[16],"virus":[17],"(HIV-1)":[18],"is":[19,84],"attachment":[21],"HIV-1":[24],"envelope":[25],"glycoprotein":[26],"gp120":[27,73],"to":[28,80],"its":[29,62],"cellular":[30],"receptor,":[31],"CD4.":[32],"As":[33],"a":[34,111],"step":[35],"toward":[36],"designing":[37],"antagonists":[38],"this":[40],"binding":[41],"event,":[42],"soluble,":[43],"secreted":[44],"forms":[45],"CD4":[47,60,69,82],"were":[48],"produced":[49,71],"transfection":[51],"mammalian":[53],"with":[55,74],"vectors":[56],"encoding":[57],"versions":[58],"lacking":[61],"transmembrane":[63],"cytoplasmic":[65],"domains.":[66],"soluble":[68],"so":[70],"binds":[72],"an":[75],"affinity":[76],"specificity":[78],"comparable":[79],"intact":[81],"capable":[85],"neutralizing":[87],"infectivity":[89],"HIV-1.":[91],"These":[92],"studies":[93],"reveal":[94],"that":[95],"high-affinity":[97],"CD4-gp120":[98],"interaction":[99],"does":[100],"not":[101],"require":[102],"cell":[104],"or":[105],"viral":[106],"components":[107],"may":[109],"establish":[110],"novel":[112],"basis":[113],"for":[114],"therapeutic":[115],"intervention":[116],"acquired":[119],"immune":[120],"deficiency":[121],"syndrome":[122],"(AIDS).":[123]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
