{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2015288313","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0194-5998(96)70098-0","title":"Pediatric Gunshot Wounds to the Head and Neck","display_name":"Pediatric Gunshot Wounds to the Head and Neck","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2015288313","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0194-5998(96)70098-0","mag":"2015288313","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8643299"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0194-5998(96)70098-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0194-5998(96)70098-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0194-5998(96)70098-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200877091","display_name":"Otolaryngology","issn_l":"0161-6439","issn":["0161-6439","0194-5998","1085-8679","1097-6817"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050381621","display_name":"Stilianos E. Kountakis","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"STILIANOS E. KOUNTAKIS","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas","Houston, Texas"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Houston, Texas","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110024162","display_name":"Jean\u2010Jacques Rafie","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"JEAN-JACQUES RAFIE","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas","Houston, Texas"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Houston, Texas","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058808736","display_name":"Bechara Y. Ghorayeb","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"BECHARA GHORAYEB","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas","Houston, Texas"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Houston, Texas","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063683017","display_name":"Charles M. Stiernberg","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"CHARLES M. STIERNBERG","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas","Houston, Texas"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Houston, Texas","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3600,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3600},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9631,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78624959,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"114","issue":"6","first_page":"756","last_page":"760"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12265","display_name":"Gun Ownership and Violence Research","score":0.9711999893188477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12265","display_name":"Gun Ownership and Violence Research","score":0.9711999893188477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10706","display_name":"Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances","score":0.008799999952316284,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11467","display_name":"Trauma and Emergency Care Studies","score":0.005900000222027302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gunshot-wounds","display_name":"gunshot wounds","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pediatric-trauma","display_name":"pediatric trauma","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traumatic-brain-injury","display_name":"traumatic brain injury","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cervical-spine-injury","display_name":"cervical spine injury","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intracranial-injury","display_name":"intracranial injury","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firearm-injuries","display_name":"firearm injuries","score":0.3540000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epidural-hematoma","display_name":"epidural hematoma","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/craniotomy","display_name":"craniotomy","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-harm","display_name":"self-harm","score":0.6110000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/injury-prevention","display_name":"injury prevention","score":0.4970000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mortality","display_name":"mortality","score":0.3840000033378601}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8208361864089966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018411727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3867488","display_name":"Head and neck","level":2,"score":0.600094735622406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.5569990277290344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778871575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514921","display_name":"Craniotomy","level":2,"score":0.5254762768745422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780913535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2140674","display_name":"Gunshot wound","level":2,"score":0.4884580671787262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910209844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2140674","display_name":"GUNSHOT INJURY","level":2,"score":0.47582390904426575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.45332542061805725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4457092881202698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q468787","display_name":"Hematoma","level":2,"score":0.4343832731246948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190385971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373494","display_name":"Injury prevention","level":3,"score":0.4165731966495514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.19343680143356323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002675","descriptor_name":"Child, Preschool","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006259","descriptor_name":"Craniocerebral Trauma","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011379","descriptor_name":"Prognosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013781","descriptor_name":"Texas","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014948","descriptor_name":"Wounds, Gunshot","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014948","descriptor_name":"Wounds, Gunshot","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015600","descriptor_name":"Glasgow Coma Scale","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019838","descriptor_name":"Neck Injuries","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0194-5998(96)70098-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0194-5998(96)70098-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0194-5998(96)70098-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200877091","display_name":"Otolaryngology","issn_l":"0161-6439","issn":["0161-6439","0194-5998","1085-8679","1097-6817"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0194-59989670098-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0194-59989670098-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0194-59989670098-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200877091","display_name":"Otolaryngology","issn_l":"0161-6439","issn":["0161-6439","0194-5998","1085-8679","1097-6817"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:8643299","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8643299","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9940000176429749,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.4300000071525574,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1603121691","https://openalex.org/W1881208369","https://openalex.org/W1989401459","https://openalex.org/W2004634631","https://openalex.org/W2028857832","https://openalex.org/W2029671971","https://openalex.org/W2035811311","https://openalex.org/W2059157172","https://openalex.org/W2067332717","https://openalex.org/W2105508334","https://openalex.org/W2274542328","https://openalex.org/W4293439131"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1984498074","https://openalex.org/W2163499819","https://openalex.org/W2803357911","https://openalex.org/W2067332717","https://openalex.org/W2059157172","https://openalex.org/W1976817414","https://openalex.org/W1992197415","https://openalex.org/W3208270646","https://openalex.org/W2002469706","https://openalex.org/W2766862896"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Gunshot":[0],"wounds":[1,64,136,185],"to":[2,31,55,73,91,103,129,186],"the":[3,8,21,74,132,135,149,157,174],"head":[4,75,187],"and":[5,25,33,76,83,106,118,134,188,197],"neck":[6,77,189],"in":[7,18,49,65,99,115,122,139,190,193,199],"pediatric":[9],"population":[10],"have":[11],"become":[12],"alarmingly":[13],"common.":[14],"They":[15],"often":[16],"result":[17,198],"death":[19],"of":[20,40,62,68,131,146,156,160,168,176,204],"victim,":[22],"devastate":[23],"families,":[24],"inflict":[26],"a":[27,37,44,171],"considerable":[28],"financial":[29],"burden":[30],"hospitals":[32],"society.":[34],"We":[35,58],"present":[36],"retrospective":[38],"study":[39],"cases":[41,61,162],"treated":[42],"at":[43,113],"level":[45],"I":[46],"trauma":[47],"center":[48],"Houston,":[50],"Texas,":[51],"from":[52,89],"July":[53,56],"1990":[54],"1993.":[57],"identified":[59],"115":[60],"gunshot":[63,184],"children,":[66],"32":[67],"which":[69,153,169],"were":[70,80,137],"exclusively":[71],"confined":[72],"region.":[78],"There":[79],"26":[81],"male":[82],"6":[84],"female":[85],"patients.":[86],"Ages":[87],"ranged":[88],"3":[90],"17":[92],"years.":[93],"The":[94,109,125,142],"cranial":[95],"cavity":[96],"was":[97,127,148],"involved":[98,120,163],"13":[100],"cases,":[101,117],"leading":[102],"9":[104],"deaths":[105],"1":[107],"institutionalization.":[108],"shootings":[110],"took":[111],"place":[112],"home":[114],"11":[116],"they":[119],"play":[121],"12":[123],"cases.":[124,141],"shooter":[126],"known":[128],"14":[130],"victims,":[133],"self-inflicted":[138],"7":[140],"most":[143,194],"common":[144,205],"type":[145],"weapon":[147],".22":[150],"caliber":[151],"pistol,":[152],"caused":[154],"four":[155],"deaths.":[158],"Two":[159],"our":[161],"BB":[164],"air":[165],"rifles,":[166],"one":[167],"mandated":[170],"craniotomy":[172],"for":[173],"evacuation":[175],"an":[177],"epidural":[178],"hematoma.":[179],"Our":[180],"findings":[181],"indicate":[182],"that":[183],"children":[191],"are":[192,212],"instances":[195],"preventable":[196],"high":[200],"fatality":[201],"rates":[202],"because":[203],"intracranial":[206],"involvement,":[207],"even":[208],"when":[209],"low-energy":[210],"missiles":[211],"used.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}