{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2015255238","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.1310040408","title":"FELS, Greulich\u2010Pyle, and Tanner\u2010Whitehouse bone age assessments in a group of Italian children and adolescents","display_name":"FELS, Greulich\u2010Pyle, and Tanner\u2010Whitehouse bone age assessments in a group of Italian children and adolescents","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2015255238","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.1310040408","mag":"2015255238","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28524393"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/ajhb.1310040408","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.1310040408","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.1310040408","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S179381287","display_name":"American Journal of Human Biology","issn_l":"1042-0533","issn":["1042-0533","1520-6300"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Human Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027655486","display_name":"Marina Vignolo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83816512","display_name":"University of Genoa","ror":"https://ror.org/0107c5v14","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Vignolo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istituto di Puericultura e Medicina Neonatale L. Gaslini, Universit\u00e1 di Genova, Genova, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto di Puericultura e Medicina Neonatale L. Gaslini, Universit\u00e1 di Genova, Genova, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066775613","display_name":"Silvano Milani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5677-1758","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5677-1758"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189158943","display_name":"University of Milan","ror":"https://ror.org/00wjc7c48","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Milani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istituto di Statistica Medica e Biometria, Universit\u00e0 di Milano, Milano, Italy","Istituto di Statistica Medica e Biometria, Universita di Milano, Milano, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto di Statistica Medica e Biometria, Universit\u00e0 di Milano, Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto di Statistica Medica e Biometria, Universita di Milano, Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004748270","display_name":"G. Cerbello","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83816512","display_name":"University of Genoa","ror":"https://ror.org/0107c5v14","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Cerbello","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istituto di Puericultura e Medicina Neonatale L. Gaslini, Universit\u00e1 di Genova, Genova, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto di Puericultura e Medicina Neonatale L. Gaslini, Universit\u00e1 di Genova, Genova, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059936339","display_name":"P. Coroli","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83816512","display_name":"University of Genoa","ror":"https://ror.org/0107c5v14","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Coroli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istituto di Puericultura e Medicina Neonatale L. Gaslini, Universit\u00e1 di Genova, Genova, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto di Puericultura e Medicina Neonatale L. Gaslini, Universit\u00e1 di Genova, Genova, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109223907","display_name":"Eliana Di Battista","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83816512","display_name":"University of Genoa","ror":"https://ror.org/0107c5v14","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Di Battista","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istituto di Puericultura e Medicina Neonatale L. Gaslini, Universit\u00e1 di Genova, Genova, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto di Puericultura e Medicina Neonatale L. Gaslini, Universit\u00e1 di Genova, Genova, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001124414","display_name":"Giorgio Aicardi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7451-3883","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7451-3883"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83816512","display_name":"University of Genoa","ror":"https://ror.org/0107c5v14","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Aicardi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istituto di Puericultura e Medicina Neonatale L. Gaslini, Universit\u00e1 di Genova, Genova, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto di Puericultura e Medicina Neonatale L. Gaslini, Universit\u00e1 di Genova, Genova, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4550},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.3929,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":40,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93357934,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"4","first_page":"493","last_page":"500"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10992","display_name":"Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10992","display_name":"Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13309","display_name":"Reliability and Agreement in Measurement","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13091","display_name":"Human Health and Disease","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bone-age-assessment","display_name":"bone age assessment","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/greulich-pyle-method","display_name":"Greulich-Pyle method","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tanner-whitehouse-method","display_name":"Tanner-Whitehouse method","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hand-wrist-radiographs","display_name":"hand-wrist radiographs","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skeletal-maturity","display_name":"skeletal maturity","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pubertal-growth-spurt","display_name":"pubertal growth spurt","score":0.6639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/method-accuracy-and-precision","display_name":"method accuracy and precision","score":0.5669999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interobserver-reproducibility","display_name":"interobserver reproducibility","score":0.6359999775886536}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89551170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1777274","display_name":"Bone age","level":2,"score":0.9279681444168091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7618765830993652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23161992","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2922301","display_name":"Hum","level":3,"score":0.5009095668792725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154020017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q520171","display_name":"Repeatability","level":2,"score":0.4708516001701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36454342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245341","display_name":"Radiography","level":2,"score":0.45754286646842957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986834420","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5932254","display_name":"Age groups","level":2,"score":0.4421972632408142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29694066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118301","display_name":"Orthodontics","level":1,"score":0.4028726816177368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.3757301867008209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.3457925319671631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.18280988931655884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.1371997594833374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.10568356513977051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10459774732589722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52119013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50637","display_name":"Art history","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554144382","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213156","display_name":"Performance art","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/ajhb.1310040408","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.1310040408","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.1310040408","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S179381287","display_name":"American Journal of Human Biology","issn_l":"1042-0533","issn":["1042-0533","1520-6300"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Human Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:28524393","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28524393","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unige.it:11567/244818","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11567/244818","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196291","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutial Research Information System (University of Genoa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I83816512","host_organization_name":"University of Genoa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.5683000087738037,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W344068843","https://openalex.org/W1989831107","https://openalex.org/W2012893228","https://openalex.org/W2040289380","https://openalex.org/W2041803805","https://openalex.org/W2057990104","https://openalex.org/W2099984540","https://openalex.org/W2113834326","https://openalex.org/W2115804095","https://openalex.org/W2161209070","https://openalex.org/W2169008682","https://openalex.org/W2417581860","https://openalex.org/W2422376087","https://openalex.org/W2461303257","https://openalex.org/W2891282333","https://openalex.org/W4231520282","https://openalex.org/W7043319585"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2095805108","https://openalex.org/W1987873566","https://openalex.org/W2921781642","https://openalex.org/W2009721874","https://openalex.org/W1971002855","https://openalex.org/W2118580521","https://openalex.org/W2012893228","https://openalex.org/W3138335224","https://openalex.org/W2103153153","https://openalex.org/W2197727406"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Assessments":[0],"of":[1,14,46,63,71,91,94,164,166,178],"skeletal":[2,35,48,167,195],"maturity":[3,196],"are":[4,182],"usually":[5,173],"made":[6],"from":[7],"handwrist":[8],"radiographs,":[9],"using":[10],"either":[11],"the":[12,21,42,55,84,92,112,147,172,185,204,211],"method":[13,23,149,206],"Greulich-Pyle":[15],"(GP)":[16],"or":[17,122],"Tanner-Whitehouse":[18],"(TW).":[19],"Recently":[20],"FELS":[22,47,148,186,205],"has":[24],"been":[25],"developed,":[26],"and":[27,44,57,66,75,100,114,146,180,191,216,222],"it":[28],"represents":[29],"a":[30,61],"potentially":[31],"valuable":[32],"approach":[33],"to":[34,79,83,105,134,151,199],"age":[36,49,137,154,168],"assessment.":[37],"The":[38,68,162],"present":[39],"study":[40],"evaluates":[41],"accuracy":[43],"precision":[45,165],"assessments":[50,169],"compared":[51],"with":[52,159],"ratings":[53,132],"by":[54,138,155,203,210],"GP":[56,124,190,215],"TW":[58,131,192,217],"methods":[59],"in":[60,96,144,219],"group":[62],"Italian":[64,220],"children":[65,221],"adolescents.":[67,223],"hand-wrist":[69],"radiographs":[70,113],"subjects":[72],"(171":[73],"males":[74],"156":[76],"females":[77],"1":[78],"17":[80],"years)":[81],"referred":[82],"\"Istituto":[85],"di":[86],"Puericultura":[87],"e":[88],"Medicina":[89],"Neonatale\"":[90],"University":[93],"Genoa":[95],"Italy":[97],"between":[98],"1985":[99],"1990":[101],"were":[102],"assessed":[103],"according":[104],"each":[106],"method.":[107],"Two":[108],"independent":[109],"observers":[110],"rated":[111],"one":[115],"observer":[116],"reassessed":[117],"them":[118],"after":[119],"6":[120],"months":[121,140],"more.":[123],"estimates":[125,187],"rather":[126],"closely":[127],"match":[128],"chronological":[129,136,153,160],"age;":[130],"tend":[133],"overestimate":[135,152],"7-9":[139],"around":[141],"puberty,":[142],"mainly":[143],"boys;":[145],"tends":[150],"amounts":[156],"that":[157],"increase":[158],"age.":[161],"degree":[163],"is":[170,197],"within":[171],"accepted":[174],"limits.":[175],"Higher":[176],"levels":[177],"repeatability":[179],"reproducibility":[181],"apparent":[183],"for":[184,189],"than":[188],"assessments.":[193],"Thus,":[194],"likely":[198],"be":[200],"adequately":[201],"interpreted":[202],"as":[207,209],"well":[208],"more":[212],"commonly":[213],"used":[214],"systems":[218],"\u00a9":[224],"1992":[225],"Wiley-Liss,":[226],"Inc.":[227]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}