{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2015165083","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(80)90472-1","title":"Disorder variables and para-fermions in two-dimensional statistical mechanics","display_name":"Disorder variables and para-fermions in two-dimensional statistical mechanics","publication_year":1980,"publication_date":"1980-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2015165083","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(80)90472-1","mag":"2015165083"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0550-3213(80)90472-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(80)90472-1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(80)90472-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210194812","display_name":"Nuclear Physics B","issn_l":"0550-3213","issn":["0550-3213","1873-1562"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nuclear Physics B","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048920469","display_name":"Eduardo Fradkin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6837-463X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6837-463X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eduardo Fradkin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA","The James Franck Institute, 5640 S. Ellis Ave., The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA","Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana\u2010Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The James Franck Institute, 5640 S. Ellis Ave., The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana\u2010Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050175985","display_name":"Leo P. Kadanoff","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leo P. Kadanoff","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA","The James Franck Institute, 5640 S. Ellis Ave., The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The James Franck Institute, 5640 S. Ellis Ave., The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":0,"currency":"USD","value_usd":0},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.8596,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":252,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95348148,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"170","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10287","display_name":"Algebraic structures and combinatorial models","score":0.37599998712539673,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2608","display_name":"Geometry and Topology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10287","display_name":"Algebraic structures and combinatorial models","score":0.37599998712539673,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2608","display_name":"Geometry and Topology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10591","display_name":"Theoretical and Computational Physics","score":0.32179999351501465,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11804","display_name":"Quantum many-body systems","score":0.08489999920129776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parafermions","display_name":"parafermions","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clock-model","display_name":"clock model","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/two-dimensional-statistical-mechanics","display_name":"two-dimensional statistical mechanics","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abelian-gauge-fields","display_name":"Abelian gauge fields","score":0.6079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dual-symmetry","display_name":"dual symmetry","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/short-distance-expansion","display_name":"short-distance expansion","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rotational-symmetry","display_name":"rotational symmetry","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-symmetry-groups","display_name":"internal symmetry groups","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topological-quantum-numbers","display_name":"topological quantum numbers","score":0.6190000176429749}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52233224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44363","display_name":"Fermion","level":2,"score":0.6649469137191772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.6605161428451538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779886137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21030012","display_name":"Symmetry (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5902986526489258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99874945","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188715","display_name":"Statistical mechanics","level":2,"score":0.5746912956237793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781089630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21856745","display_name":"Realization (probability)","level":2,"score":0.5347280502319336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136170076","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181296","display_name":"Abelian group","level":2,"score":0.47584104537963867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.464056134223938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34829970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845260","display_name":"Quantum statistical mechanics","level":3,"score":0.44953209161758423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.41766321659088135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33332235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362","display_name":"Theoretical physics","level":1,"score":0.4037039279937744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.3350833058357239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.22276106476783752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.1762915551662445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.11701378226280212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0550-3213(80)90472-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(80)90472-1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(80)90472-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210194812","display_name":"Nuclear Physics B","issn_l":"0550-3213","issn":["0550-3213","1873-1562"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nuclear Physics B","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1635626242","https://openalex.org/W1973172823","https://openalex.org/W1990382586","https://openalex.org/W1990574621","https://openalex.org/W1995971752","https://openalex.org/W2004005781","https://openalex.org/W2027710569","https://openalex.org/W2092174702","https://openalex.org/W2169898075","https://openalex.org/W2232221069"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4213210312","https://openalex.org/W1973792276","https://openalex.org/W1507485682","https://openalex.org/W2089064457","https://openalex.org/W399180213","https://openalex.org/W1674692623","https://openalex.org/W3042682751","https://openalex.org/W2072090188","https://openalex.org/W1525229531","https://openalex.org/W2057926044"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-10-15T10:00:46.086208","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}