{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2015164737","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.10179","title":"Using the essential work of fracture method for studying physical aging in thin, ductile, polymeric films","display_name":"Using the essential work of fracture method for studying physical aging in thin, ductile, polymeric films","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2015164737","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.10179","mag":"2015164737"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/pen.10179","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.10179","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.10179","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S114499311","display_name":"Polymer Engineering and Science","issn_l":"0032-3888","issn":["0032-3888","0096-8129","1548-2634"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Polymer Engineering & Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084142069","display_name":"Chun\u2010Hsin Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223532165","display_name":"University of Utah","ror":"https://ror.org/03r0ha626","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chun\u2010Hsin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical and Fuels Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical and Fuels Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070533171","display_name":"John A. Nairn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5975-0170","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5975-0170"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223532165","display_name":"University of Utah","ror":"https://ror.org/03r0ha626","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John A. Nairn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"],"apc_list":{"value":4270,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4270},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9077,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83333333,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"38","issue":"1","first_page":"186","last_page":"193"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10389","display_name":"Polymer crystallization and properties","score":0.8417999744415283,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10389","display_name":"Polymer crystallization and properties","score":0.8417999744415283,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10474","display_name":"Material Dynamics and Properties","score":0.05959999933838844,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11145","display_name":"Epoxy Resin Curing Processes","score":0.019099999219179153,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/essential-work-of-fracture","display_name":"essential work of fracture","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-aging","display_name":"physical aging","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polyesters","display_name":"polyesters","score":0.5630000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polymer-thin-films","display_name":"polymer thin films","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ductile-polymers","display_name":"ductile polymers","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/droplet-impact","display_name":"droplet impact","score":0.5619999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impact-properties","display_name":"impact properties","score":0.6340000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-degradation","display_name":"chemical degradation","score":0.6359999775886536}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.8743208050727844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.6733043193817139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119394753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188245","display_name":"Polyester","level":2,"score":0.6335803270339966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5834075808525085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43369102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2307625","display_name":"Fracture (geology)","level":2,"score":0.5391381978988647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781345722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5308388","display_name":"Drop (telecommunication)","level":2,"score":0.537350058555603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32236832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80228","display_name":"Bottle","level":2,"score":0.5123807191848755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67558686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1770806","display_name":"Molding (decorative)","level":2,"score":0.48814401030540466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.07133397459983826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/pen.10179","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.10179","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.10179","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S114499311","display_name":"Polymer Engineering and Science","issn_l":"0032-3888","issn":["0032-3888","0096-8129","1548-2634"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Polymer Engineering & Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W29133407","https://openalex.org/W57791236","https://openalex.org/W84952613","https://openalex.org/W1985426556","https://openalex.org/W1988147327","https://openalex.org/W2000104466","https://openalex.org/W2000924299","https://openalex.org/W2015924075","https://openalex.org/W2023173692"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2028605814","https://openalex.org/W2075628554","https://openalex.org/W2033952612","https://openalex.org/W4210426937","https://openalex.org/W2028796511","https://openalex.org/W2090232312","https://openalex.org/W1182866538","https://openalex.org/W7221044825","https://openalex.org/W4402734052","https://openalex.org/W745206160"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Water\u2010filled,":[1],"drop":[2],"impact":[3,12,68,112],"tests":[4,113],"on":[5],"full\u2010scale,":[6,110],"blow\u2010molding":[7,136],"polyester":[8,137],"bottles":[9,59],"showed":[10,114],"that":[11,85,117],"properties":[13],"change":[14],"significantly":[15],"after":[16,76],"30":[17],"days":[18],"of":[19,28,39,48,50,57,80,103,135],"aging":[20,95,134],"at":[21],"50\u00b0C.":[22],"To":[23],"quantify":[24],"this":[25],"deleterious":[26],"effect":[27],"aging,":[29],"we":[30],"did":[31],"small\u2010scale":[32],"laboratory":[33],"experiments":[34,83],"using":[35],"the":[36,45,55,67,86,104,109],"essential":[37,46,73,89,105],"work":[38,47,74,90,106],"fracture":[40,49],"method":[41,130],"(EWFM).":[42],"We":[43],"measured":[44],"thin":[51],"specimens":[52],"cut":[53],"from":[54],"sides":[56],"blow\u2010molded":[58],"and":[60,96],"aged":[61],"under":[62],"various":[63],"conditions.":[64],"Similar":[65],"to":[66,93,98,108,119],"results,":[69],"significant":[70],"drops":[71],"in":[72,88],"occurred":[75],"relatively":[77],"short":[78],"amounts":[79],"aging.":[81],"Additional":[82],"confirmed":[84],"decreases":[87],"were":[91],"due":[92],"physical":[94,133],"not":[97],"chemical":[99],"degradation.":[100],"A":[101],"comparison":[102],"results":[107],"bottle\u2010drop":[111],"some":[115],"inconsistencies":[116],"need":[118],"be":[120,125],"resolved":[121],"before":[122],"EWFM":[123],"can":[124],"recommended":[126],"as":[127],"a":[128],"quantitative":[129],"for":[131],"studying":[132],"resins.":[138]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}