{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2015109079","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6451.00156","title":"Vertical Integration and Internet Strategies in the Apparel Industry","display_name":"Vertical Integration and Internet Strategies in the Apparel Industry","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2015109079","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6451.00156","mag":"2015109079"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/1467-6451.00156","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6451.00156","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6451.00156","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S99067594","display_name":"Journal of Industrial Economics","issn_l":"0022-1821","issn":["0022-1821","1467-6451"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-3","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Industrial Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057344468","display_name":"Robert H. Gertner","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert H. Gertner","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chicago Graduate School of Business and NBER, Chicago, IL 60637, USA,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chicago Graduate School of Business and NBER, Chicago, IL 60637, USA,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050415765","display_name":"Robert S. Stillman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert S. Stillman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lexecon, Chicago, IL 60604, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lexecon, Chicago, IL 60604, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3350,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3350},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.9417,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":60,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98209683,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"49","issue":"4","first_page":"417","last_page":"440"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11043","display_name":"Merger and Competition Analysis","score":0.4535999894142151,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11043","display_name":"Merger and Competition Analysis","score":0.4535999894142151,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10328","display_name":"Supply Chain and Inventory Management","score":0.2451000064611435,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11437","display_name":"Digital Platforms and Economics","score":0.13920000195503235,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vertical-integration","display_name":"vertical integration","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/garment-industry","display_name":"apparel industry","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/e-commerce","display_name":"e-commerce","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-sales","display_name":"online sales","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/specialty-retailers","display_name":"specialty stores","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/department-stores","display_name":"department stores","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-shocks","display_name":"economic shocks","score":0.5740000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coordination-costs","display_name":"coordination costs","score":0.6650000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incentive-problems","display_name":"incentive problems","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-gap","display_name":"The Gap","score":0.5550000071525574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181169782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1571520","display_name":"Vertical integration","level":2,"score":0.8935997486114502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.7647156119346619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.721349835395813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.6057223081588745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530175646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11460","display_name":"Clothing","level":2,"score":0.5526722073554993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.5126718282699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.5107753276824951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.47132304310798645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781300812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178061","display_name":"Shock (circulatory)","level":2,"score":0.42190349102020264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54750564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26643","display_name":"Commerce","level":1,"score":0.3410201668739319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.12178313732147217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.07137200236320496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.06939399242401123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/1467-6451.00156","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6451.00156","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6451.00156","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S99067594","display_name":"Journal of Industrial Economics","issn_l":"0022-1821","issn":["0022-1821","1467-6451"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-3","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Industrial Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"mag:3122301160","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:nbr:nberch:12313","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1513903121","https://openalex.org/W7098009493","https://openalex.org/W2091397014","https://openalex.org/W4213144615","https://openalex.org/W2357013984","https://openalex.org/W7096883062","https://openalex.org/W2090810761","https://openalex.org/W1997068806","https://openalex.org/W198666946","https://openalex.org/W4394751054"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,30,54],"explore":[1],"the":[2,8,22,28,58,97],"relationship":[3],"between":[4],"vertical":[5],"scope":[6],"and":[7,51,83],"ability":[9],"to":[10,12,27,41,91,96],"respond":[11],"a":[13],"significant":[14],"economic":[15],"shock":[16],"by":[17],"studying":[18],"how":[19],"firms":[20],"in":[21,94],"apparel":[23],"industry":[24],"have":[25],"adapted":[26],"Internet.":[29],"find":[31,56],"that":[32,57,86],"vertically":[33,61],"integrated":[34,62,92],"specialty":[35],"retailers,":[36],"e.g.,":[37,49],"The":[38],"Gap,":[39],"tended":[40],"start":[42],"on\u2010line":[43,67],"sales":[44],"sooner":[45],"than":[46,68],"non\u2010integrated":[47,71,87],"vendors,":[48],"Nautica,":[50],"department":[52],"stores.":[53],"also":[55],"products":[59],"of":[60,70],"retailers":[63],"are":[64,75],"more":[65],"available":[66],"those":[69],"vendors.":[72],"These":[73],"results":[74],"consistent":[76],"with":[77],"greater":[78],"contractual":[79],"barriers,":[80],"coordination":[81],"costs":[82],"incentive":[84],"problems":[85],"brands":[88],"face":[89],"relative":[90],"companies":[93],"responding":[95],"e\u2010commerce":[98],"opportunity.":[99]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}