{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2015107972","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.96.1.84","title":"Arousal and physiological toughness: Implications for mental and physical health.","display_name":"Arousal and physiological toughness: Implications for mental and physical health.","publication_year":1989,"publication_date":"1989-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2015107972","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.96.1.84","mag":"2015107972","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2538855"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1037/0033-295x.96.1.84","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.96.1.84","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.96.1.84","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35223124","display_name":"Psychological Review","issn_l":"0033-295X","issn":["0033-295X","1939-1471"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychological Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016459573","display_name":"Richard A. Dienstbier","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114395901","display_name":"University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln","ror":"https://ror.org/043mer456","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Richard A. Dienstbier","raw_affiliation_strings":["U Nebraska, Lincoln, US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U Nebraska, Lincoln, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016459573"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.7017,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":964,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96564885,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"96","issue":"1","first_page":"84","last_page":"100"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10529","display_name":"Stress Responses and Cortisol","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2802","display_name":"Behavioral Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10529","display_name":"Stress Responses and Cortisol","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2802","display_name":"Behavioral Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.0024999999441206455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11761","display_name":"Resilience and Mental Health","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physiological-arousal","display_name":"physiological arousal","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sympathetic-nervous-system","display_name":"sympathetic nervous system","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stress","display_name":"stress","score":0.5580000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stress-inoculation-training","display_name":"stress inoculation training","score":0.4909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coping","display_name":"coping","score":0.5260000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/catecholamines","display_name":"catecholamines","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-enhancement","display_name":"immune enhancement","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotional-stability","display_name":"emotional stability","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/performance","display_name":"performance","score":0.39100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-disease","display_name":"cardiovascular disease","score":0.5759999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anxiety","display_name":"anxiety","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroticism","display_name":"neuroticism","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-a-behavior","display_name":"Type A behavior pattern","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stress-management","display_name":"stress management","score":0.5649999976158142}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36951298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q379784","display_name":"Arousal","level":2,"score":0.8366307020187378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6287113428115845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94612546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540168","display_name":"Neuroticism","level":3,"score":0.6043462157249451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187288502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641118","display_name":"Personality","level":2,"score":0.5414256453514099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125370674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1527480","display_name":"Stressor","level":2,"score":0.5397923588752747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73282008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1759895","display_name":"Coping (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5147666931152344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776533406","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187215","display_name":"Sympathetic nervous system","level":3,"score":0.49049466848373413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161872081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2903013","display_name":"Type A and Type B personality theory","level":3,"score":0.4852990508079529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558461103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154430","display_name":"Anxiety","level":2,"score":0.4560146629810333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83629485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6692974","display_name":"Low arousal theory","level":3,"score":0.4178420603275299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.32876870036125183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.2777252197265625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.25154751539230347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.22274157404899597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84393581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82642","display_name":"Blood pressure","level":2,"score":0.21102309226989746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.20624679327011108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.20590367913246155}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000223","descriptor_name":"Adaptation, Psychological","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000302","descriptor_name":"Adrenal Cortex","qualifier_ui":"Q000294","qualifier_name":"innervation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000313","descriptor_name":"Adrenal Medulla","qualifier_ui":"Q000294","qualifier_name":"innervation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000324","descriptor_name":"Adrenocorticotropic Hormone","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001143","descriptor_name":"Arousal","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004198","descriptor_name":"Disease Susceptibility","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004837","descriptor_name":"Epinephrine","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006854","descriptor_name":"Hydrocortisone","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009638","descriptor_name":"Norepinephrine","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011602","descriptor_name":"Psychophysiologic Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013564","descriptor_name":"Sympathetic Nervous System","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1037/0033-295x.96.1.84","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.96.1.84","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.96.1.84","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35223124","display_name":"Psychological Review","issn_l":"0033-295X","issn":["0033-295X","1939-1471"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychological Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1037//0033-295x.96.1.84","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0033-295x.96.1.84","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0033-295x.96.1.84","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35223124","display_name":"Psychological Review","issn_l":"0033-295X","issn":["0033-295X","1939-1471"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychological Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:2538855","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2538855","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychological review","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.455.870","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.455.870","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.unl.edu:psychfacpub-1215","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/psychfacpub/216","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400577","display_name":"Lincoln (University of Nebraska)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114395901","host_organization_name":"University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9391000270843506,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":127,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W31435165","https://openalex.org/W49886645","https://openalex.org/W55398600","https://openalex.org/W71254516","https://openalex.org/W88113210","https://openalex.org/W98918771","https://openalex.org/W108674521","https://openalex.org/W115307071","https://openalex.org/W128240477","https://openalex.org/W146724839","https://openalex.org/W185300362","https://openalex.org/W193889505","https://openalex.org/W221676601","https://openalex.org/W349463304","https://openalex.org/W562551913","https://openalex.org/W570932433","https://openalex.org/W590981770","https://openalex.org/W597601850","https://openalex.org/W599779266","https://openalex.org/W608640918","https://openalex.org/W613794687","https://openalex.org/W648464267","https://openalex.org/W650275062","https://openalex.org/W655091264","https://openalex.org/W964389546","https://openalex.org/W1524835167","https://openalex.org/W1542483706","https://openalex.org/W1558311959","https://openalex.org/W1620617179","https://openalex.org/W1783512343","https://openalex.org/W1965494107","https://openalex.org/W1967186012","https://openalex.org/W1967424345","https://openalex.org/W1971794395","https://openalex.org/W1972804316","https://openalex.org/W1980824790","https://openalex.org/W1982708537","https://openalex.org/W1983229248","https://openalex.org/W1984154321","https://openalex.org/W1985969796","https://openalex.org/W1991363055","https://openalex.org/W1992439183","https://openalex.org/W1993506692","https://openalex.org/W1995465945","https://openalex.org/W1999343349","https://openalex.org/W2001700860","https://openalex.org/W2008836495","https://openalex.org/W2010196980","https://openalex.org/W2010229090","https://openalex.org/W2012735512","https://openalex.org/W2012869805","https://openalex.org/W2013838260","https://openalex.org/W2014960313","https://openalex.org/W2016054576","https://openalex.org/W2024925631","https://openalex.org/W2025981534","https://openalex.org/W2028271386","https://openalex.org/W2028906360","https://openalex.org/W2029777334","https://openalex.org/W2033753469","https://openalex.org/W2035287899","https://openalex.org/W2036631893","https://openalex.org/W2041331651","https://openalex.org/W2046430032","https://openalex.org/W2050611097","https://openalex.org/W2061001793","https://openalex.org/W2061454674","https://openalex.org/W2068111778","https://openalex.org/W2073151913","https://openalex.org/W2074667491","https://openalex.org/W2075395696","https://openalex.org/W2080035729","https://openalex.org/W2086536773","https://openalex.org/W2087207429","https://openalex.org/W2099365033","https://openalex.org/W2100646260","https://openalex.org/W2114799705","https://openalex.org/W2116256083","https://openalex.org/W2118724416","https://openalex.org/W2119531941","https://openalex.org/W2149866950","https://openalex.org/W2153906626","https://openalex.org/W2156218539","https://openalex.org/W2176352731","https://openalex.org/W2198197635","https://openalex.org/W2224129216","https://openalex.org/W2254875410","https://openalex.org/W2256394101","https://openalex.org/W2286000073","https://openalex.org/W2286319224","https://openalex.org/W2286822663","https://openalex.org/W2312303239","https://openalex.org/W2312309146","https://openalex.org/W2313624764","https://openalex.org/W2313646821","https://openalex.org/W2313799193","https://openalex.org/W2314090811","https://openalex.org/W2318177781","https://openalex.org/W2323415082","https://openalex.org/W2328073154","https://openalex.org/W2337742159","https://openalex.org/W2394556180","https://openalex.org/W2408034449","https://openalex.org/W2412156455","https://openalex.org/W2413030941","https://openalex.org/W2413408667","https://openalex.org/W2464697985","https://openalex.org/W2479065012","https://openalex.org/W2483739252","https://openalex.org/W2488056673","https://openalex.org/W2488779143","https://openalex.org/W2491323173","https://openalex.org/W2493304167","https://openalex.org/W2501325967","https://openalex.org/W2501776771","https://openalex.org/W2507789581","https://openalex.org/W2798376266","https://openalex.org/W2892746072","https://openalex.org/W2893446518","https://openalex.org/W2901010197","https://openalex.org/W2945921346","https://openalex.org/W2964378181","https://openalex.org/W2989427546","https://openalex.org/W2991613335","https://openalex.org/W3082111216","https://openalex.org/W4252862372","https://openalex.org/W4253598811"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2001442772","https://openalex.org/W2492428240","https://openalex.org/W4241051118","https://openalex.org/W4321000950","https://openalex.org/W4403603837","https://openalex.org/W2048406180","https://openalex.org/W2083971560","https://openalex.org/W2030949864","https://openalex.org/W2020943615","https://openalex.org/W1987509788"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"From":[0],"W.B.":[1],"Cannon's":[2],"identification":[3],"of":[4,13,17,64,70,104,110],"adrenaline":[5],"with":[6,29,46,57,95,102,118,122,129,133,149],"\"fight":[7],"or":[8,91],"flight\"":[9],"to":[10,73,79,86,97],"modern":[11],"views":[12,16],"stress,":[14],"negative":[15],"peripheral":[18,65],"physiological":[19,113],"arousal":[20,26,58,66,82,111],"predominate.":[21],"Sympathetic":[22],"nervous":[23],"system":[24,40,135],"(SNS)":[25],"is":[27,44],"associated":[28,45],"anxiety,":[30],"neuroticism,":[31],"the":[32],"Type":[33],"A":[34,60],"personality,":[35],"cardiovascular":[36],"disease,":[37],"and":[38,88,101,132,146,154],"immune":[39,134],"suppression;":[41],"illness":[42],"susceptibility":[43],"life":[47],"events":[48],"requiring":[49],"adjustments.":[50],"\"Stress":[51],"control\"":[52],"has":[53],"become":[54],"almost":[55],"synonymous":[56],"reduction.":[59],"contrary":[61],"positive":[62,123],"view":[63],"follows":[67],"from":[68],"studies":[69],"subjects":[71],"exposed":[72],"intermittent":[74],"stressors.":[75],"Such":[76],"exposure":[77],"leads":[78],"low":[80],"SNS":[81],"base":[83],"rates,":[84],"but":[85],"strong":[87],"responsive":[89],"challenge-":[90],"stress-induced":[92],"SNS-adrenal-medullary":[93],"arousal,":[94],"resistance":[96],"brain":[98],"catecholamine":[99],"depletion":[100],"suppression":[103],"pituitary":[105],"adrenal-cortical":[106],"responses.":[107],"That":[108],"pattern":[109],"defines":[112],"toughness":[114,138],"and,":[115],"in":[116,125],"interaction":[117],"psychological":[119],"coping,":[120,148],"corresponds":[121],"performance":[124],"even":[126],"complex":[127],"tasks,":[128],"emotional":[130],"stability,":[131],"enhancement.":[136],"The":[137],"concept":[139],"suggests":[140],"an":[141],"opposition":[142],"between":[143],"effective":[144,152],"short-":[145],"long-term":[147],"implications":[150],"for":[151],"therapies":[153],"stress-inoculating":[155],"life-styles.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":45},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":47},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":34}],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
