{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2015072094","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/12/6/016","title":"Investigation of energetic surface state distributions at real surfaces of silicon after treatment with HF and H2O using large-signal photovoltage pulses","display_name":"Investigation of energetic surface state distributions at real surfaces of silicon after treatment with HF and H2O using large-signal photovoltage pulses","publication_year":1979,"publication_date":"1979-06-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2015072094","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/12/6/016","mag":"2015072094"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/0022-3727/12/6/016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/12/6/016","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/12/6/016","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111927887","display_name":"Journal of Physics D Applied Physics","issn_l":"0022-3727","issn":["0022-3727","1361-6463"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311669","host_organization_name":"Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"K Heilig","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K Heilig","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zentralinst. fur Elektronenphys., Akad. der Wissenschaften, Berlin, East Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zentralinst. fur Elektronenphys., Akad. der Wissenschaften, Berlin, East Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059862108","display_name":"Hans Flietner","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H Flietner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zentralinst. fur Elektronenphys., Akad. der Wissenschaften, Berlin, East Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zentralinst. fur Elektronenphys., Akad. der Wissenschaften, Berlin, East Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013970065","display_name":"J. Reineke","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J Reineke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zentralinst. fur Elektronenphys., Akad. der Wissenschaften, Berlin, East Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zentralinst. fur Elektronenphys., Akad. der Wissenschaften, Berlin, East Germany","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3325,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3325},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3852,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87730677,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"6","first_page":"927","last_page":"940"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.4207000136375427,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.4207000136375427,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11853","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and interfaces","score":0.35010001063346863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10624","display_name":"Silicon and Solar Cell Technologies","score":0.1941000074148178,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-states","display_name":"surface states","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/silicon-surface","display_name":"silicon surface","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrofluoric-acid-treatment","display_name":"hydrofluoric acid treatment","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-rinsing","display_name":"water rinsing","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrinsic-surface-states","display_name":"intrinsic surface states","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-fluoridation","display_name":"water fluoridation","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermally-oxidized-silicon","display_name":"thermally oxidized silicon","score":0.8709999918937683}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129396577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7646006","display_name":"Surface photovoltage","level":3,"score":0.9474989175796509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544956773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q670","display_name":"Silicon","level":2,"score":0.8069138526916504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108225325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11456","display_name":"Semiconductor","level":2,"score":0.6659908294677734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79689650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2387099","display_name":"Surface states","level":3,"score":0.6016995906829834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776799497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484298","display_name":"Surface (topology)","level":2,"score":0.5393158793449402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5203472971916199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.488149493932724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.46735289692878723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.44205567240715027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.43486088514328003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184779094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26383","display_name":"Atomic physics","level":1,"score":0.4332680404186249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113196181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485223","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","level":2,"score":0.38492727279663086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.31940576434135437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.27089253067970276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.17703378200531006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10847413539886475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.08813023567199707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0708456039428711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.05815136432647705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32891209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483666","display_name":"Spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1088/0022-3727/12/6/016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/12/6/016","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/12/6/016","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111927887","display_name":"Journal of Physics D Applied Physics","issn_l":"0022-3727","issn":["0022-3727","1361-6463"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311669","host_organization_name":"Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W635175999","https://openalex.org/W1620223719","https://openalex.org/W1970052073","https://openalex.org/W1971007747","https://openalex.org/W1973368797","https://openalex.org/W1973427637","https://openalex.org/W1974434028","https://openalex.org/W1975789421","https://openalex.org/W1976259551","https://openalex.org/W1990277343","https://openalex.org/W1991050432","https://openalex.org/W1992452609","https://openalex.org/W1992632183","https://openalex.org/W1993713988","https://openalex.org/W1995514735","https://openalex.org/W1995842881","https://openalex.org/W1996361340","https://openalex.org/W1996518304","https://openalex.org/W1997798940","https://openalex.org/W1998874857","https://openalex.org/W2000277521","https://openalex.org/W2000998678","https://openalex.org/W2001102314","https://openalex.org/W2002439687","https://openalex.org/W2003026941","https://openalex.org/W2004304829","https://openalex.org/W2004330731","https://openalex.org/W2005198145","https://openalex.org/W2005527363","https://openalex.org/W2005778685","https://openalex.org/W2006037758","https://openalex.org/W2013866945","https://openalex.org/W2014718851","https://openalex.org/W2020299754","https://openalex.org/W2020543152","https://openalex.org/W2020779852","https://openalex.org/W2022076313","https://openalex.org/W2022330161","https://openalex.org/W2022805894","https://openalex.org/W2024058057","https://openalex.org/W2026409293","https://openalex.org/W2031682010","https://openalex.org/W2035904803","https://openalex.org/W2038669932","https://openalex.org/W2042778885","https://openalex.org/W2046592456","https://openalex.org/W2058419250","https://openalex.org/W2058433336","https://openalex.org/W2061928713","https://openalex.org/W2064894486","https://openalex.org/W2066582684","https://openalex.org/W2066638353","https://openalex.org/W2069977949","https://openalex.org/W2070200930","https://openalex.org/W2074693785","https://openalex.org/W2077911116","https://openalex.org/W2080529912","https://openalex.org/W2088685687","https://openalex.org/W2091878925","https://openalex.org/W2092317803","https://openalex.org/W2117951437","https://openalex.org/W2120438273","https://openalex.org/W2126266257"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1992190645","https://openalex.org/W2012818399","https://openalex.org/W2122984838","https://openalex.org/W1969195529","https://openalex.org/W2043097159","https://openalex.org/W2035153031","https://openalex.org/W2005198145","https://openalex.org/W1964861035","https://openalex.org/W2079789751","https://openalex.org/W2064395953"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0],"is":[1,128],"shown":[2],"that":[3],"the":[4,21,39,91,94],"field-modulated":[5],"large-signal":[6],"photovoltage":[7],"offers":[8],"definite":[9],"methodological":[10],"advantages":[11],"in":[12,38,50,54,61,93],"comparison":[13],"to":[14,59,86],"other":[15],"methods":[16],"more":[17],"frequently":[18],"used":[19],"for":[20,67,131,134],"determination":[22],"of":[23,35,63,73,101,118,124,143,149],"surface":[24,119,145],"state":[25],"distribution.":[26],"Apparatus":[27],"and":[28,52,133],"sample":[29],"preparations":[30],"are":[31,105,160],"described.":[32],"The":[33,103],"distribution":[34,89],"fast":[36],"states":[37,76,120,151],"forbidden":[40],"gap":[41],"at":[42,111],"real":[43,132],"silicon":[44,136],"surfaces":[45],"was":[46,96],"studied":[47],"after":[48],"treatment":[49],"HF":[51],"rinsing":[53,69,84],"H":[55],"2":[56],"O":[57],"up":[58],"times":[60,70],"excess":[62],"100":[64],"h.":[65],"Whilst":[66],"short":[68],"minimum":[71,95],"concentrations":[72],"3*10":[74],"12":[75],"cm":[77],"-2":[78],"eV":[79],"-1":[80],"were":[81],"found,":[82],"prolonged":[83],"led":[85],"an":[87],"'intrinsic'":[88],"where":[90],"concentration":[92],"lower":[97],"by":[98],"a":[99,140],"factor":[100],"ten.":[102],"results":[104],"compared":[106],"with":[107],"those":[108],"recently":[109],"obtained":[110],"thermally":[112],"oxidised":[113,135],"silicon.":[114],"A":[115],"meaningful":[116],"separation":[117],"into":[121],"three":[122],"groups":[123],"different":[125],"physical":[126],"origin":[127],"possible":[129],"both":[130],"surfaces.":[137],"Fluoridation":[138],"as":[139],"probable":[141],"cause":[142],"extrinsic":[144],"states,":[146],"model":[147],"descriptions":[148],"intrinsic":[150],"and,":[152],"finally,":[153],"certain":[154],"aspects":[155],"concerning":[156],"semiconductor":[157],"device":[158],"technology":[159],"discussed.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
