{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2015010455","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.22.9.1561","title":"Diabetes in pregnancy and cesarean delivery.","display_name":"Diabetes in pregnancy and cesarean delivery.","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2015010455","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.22.9.1561","mag":"2015010455","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10480526"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2337/diacare.22.9.1561","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.22.9.1561","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.22.9.1561","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S49878492","display_name":"Diabetes Care","issn_l":"0149-5992","issn":["0149-5992","1935-5548"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320274","host_organization_name":"American Diabetes Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320274"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Diabetes Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diabetes Care","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069105364","display_name":"Karen E. Remsberg","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155781252","display_name":"University of South Carolina","ror":"https://ror.org/02b6qw903","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K E Remsberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia 29208, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia 29208, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031251181","display_name":"Robert E. McKeown","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8829-5784","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8829-5784"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155781252","display_name":"University of South Carolina","ror":"https://ror.org/02b6qw903","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R E McKeown","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia 29208, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia 29208, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111561647","display_name":"Kay F. McFarland","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155781252","display_name":"University of South Carolina","ror":"https://ror.org/02b6qw903","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K F McFarland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia 29208, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia 29208, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020559110","display_name":"Laura S. Irwin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155781252","display_name":"University of South Carolina","ror":"https://ror.org/02b6qw903","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L S Irwin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia 29208, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia 29208, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0941,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":70,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77290483,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"9","first_page":"1561","last_page":"1567"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10673","display_name":"Gestational Diabetes Research and Management","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2729","display_name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10673","display_name":"Gestational Diabetes Research and Management","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2729","display_name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10453","display_name":"Maternal and Perinatal Health Interventions","score":0.005400000140070915,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2729","display_name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12741","display_name":"Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-in-pregnancy","display_name":"diabetes in pregnancy","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cesarean-section","display_name":"cesarean section","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gestational-diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"gestational diabetes mellitus","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pregestational-diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"pregestational diabetes","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/birth-weight","display_name":"birth weight","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mediating-effect","display_name":"mediating effect","score":0.5249999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/singleton-births","display_name":"singleton births","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-risk-obstetric-care","display_name":"high-risk obstetric care","score":0.8679999709129333}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9265797734260559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131872663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5284418","display_name":"Obstetrics","level":1,"score":0.7516039609909058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995","display_name":"Pregnancy","level":2,"score":0.7463284730911255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779434492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126691","display_name":"Gestational diabetes","level":4,"score":0.7449411153793335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.616465151309967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4128476","display_name":"Birth weight","level":3,"score":0.5723841190338135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.5539443492889404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5214016437530518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775887326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3308829","display_name":"Prenatal care","level":3,"score":0.5144777297973633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46973012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28627","display_name":"Gestation","level":3,"score":0.4793151617050171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778376644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2253111","display_name":"Gestational age","level":3,"score":0.46135637164115906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.11376947164535522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.09292671084403992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001724","descriptor_name":"Birth Weight","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001724","descriptor_name":"Birth Weight","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001724","descriptor_name":"Birth Weight","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002585","descriptor_name":"Cesarean Section","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002585","descriptor_name":"Cesarean Section","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002585","descriptor_name":"Cesarean Section","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003710","descriptor_name":"Demography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003710","descriptor_name":"Demography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003710","descriptor_name":"Demography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011247","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011247","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011247","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011254","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy in Diabetics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011254","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy in Diabetics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011254","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy in Diabetics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012044","descriptor_name":"Regression Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012044","descriptor_name":"Regression Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012044","descriptor_name":"Regression Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013022","descriptor_name":"South Carolina","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013022","descriptor_name":"South Carolina","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013022","descriptor_name":"South Carolina","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016015","descriptor_name":"Logistic Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016015","descriptor_name":"Logistic Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016015","descriptor_name":"Logistic Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2337/diacare.22.9.1561","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.22.9.1561","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.22.9.1561","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S49878492","display_name":"Diabetes Care","issn_l":"0149-5992","issn":["0149-5992","1935-5548"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320274","host_organization_name":"American Diabetes Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320274"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Diabetes Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diabetes Care","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:10480526","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10480526","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diabetes care","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8100000023841858,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3034992282","https://openalex.org/W2013125486","https://openalex.org/W2008578012","https://openalex.org/W2001087662","https://openalex.org/W7120739751","https://openalex.org/W4386852320","https://openalex.org/W45017976","https://openalex.org/W2038398099","https://openalex.org/W335860874","https://openalex.org/W2075434637"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"To":[1],"evaluate":[2],"the":[3,16,53,75,112,169,194,201],"effect":[4,202],"of":[5,61,95,100,107,200,203,223],"diabetes":[6,19,78,149,157,192,229],"during":[7,20],"pregnancy":[8,21,80],"on":[9],"cesarean":[10,23,82,132,141,185,197,218,224],"delivery":[11,24,83,142,225],"and":[12,22,47,69,81,104,129,155,171,190,240],"to":[13,178,243],"determine":[14],"whether":[15],"association":[17,76,207],"between":[18,77],"is":[25,208,230],"mediated":[26,231],"by":[27,119,126],"birth":[28,37,102,139,166,204],"weight.":[29,205],"RESEARCH":[30],"DESIGN":[31],"AND":[32],"METHODS:":[33],"South":[34],"Carolina":[35],"1993":[36],"certificates":[38],"were":[39,72,116,123,131,172],"matched":[40],"through":[41,84,232],"a":[42,57,105],"unique":[43],"identifier":[44],"with":[45,146,228],"infant":[46],"maternal":[48,90],"hospital":[49],"discharge":[50],"records":[51],"for":[52,74,89,136,184,196,217,226],"same":[54],"year,":[55],"yielding":[56],"total":[58],"study":[59,113],"population":[60],"42,071":[62],"singleton":[63],"births.":[64],"Adjusted":[65],"odds":[66],"ratios":[67],"(ORs)":[68],"95%":[70],"CIs":[71],"determined":[73],"in":[79,168,175],"multiple":[85],"logistic":[86],"regression,":[87],"controlling":[88,135],"age,":[91],"race,":[92],"education,":[93],"number":[94,106],"prenatal":[96],"care":[97],"visits,":[98],"length":[99],"gestation,":[101],"weight,":[103,140],"medical":[108,182,215],"indications.":[109],"RESULTS:":[110],"Of":[111],"population,":[114],"0.7%":[115],"pregnancies":[117,124],"complicated":[118,125],"preexisting":[120,148,189],"diabetes,":[121,128],"2.9%":[122],"gestational":[127,156,191],"23.4%":[130],"deliveries.":[133],"After":[134],"confounders,":[137],"including":[138],"was":[143],"strongly":[144],"associated":[145],"both":[147],"(OR":[150],"[95%":[151],"CI]":[152],"6.20":[153],"[4.47-8.61])":[154],"(1.71":[158],"[1.41-2.07]).":[159],"The":[160,206,220],"estimates":[161],"remained":[162],"essentially":[163],"unchanged":[164],"without":[165,180,213],"weight":[167],"model,":[170],"substantially":[173],"higher":[174],"analyses":[176],"restricted":[177],"deliveries":[179],"common":[181],"indications":[183,216],"delivery.":[186,219],"CONCLUSIONS:":[187],"Both":[188],"increase":[193],"risk":[195,222],"delivery,":[198],"independent":[199],"markedly":[209],"greater":[210],"among":[211],"women":[212,227],"other":[214,233],"increased":[221],"factors,":[234],"which":[235],"may":[236],"include":[237],"practice":[238],"patterns":[239],"physician":[241],"referrals":[242],"high-risk":[244],"care.":[245]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
