{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2014979841","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.1997.9278478.x","title":"Concepts of drugs: differences in conceptual structure across groups with different levels of drug experience","display_name":"Concepts of drugs: differences in conceptual structure across groups with different levels of drug experience","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2014979841","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.1997.9278478.x","mag":"2014979841","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9293044"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1046/j.1360-0443.1997.9278478.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.1997.9278478.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.1997.9278478.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S70513841","display_name":"Addiction","issn_l":"0965-2140","issn":["0965-2140","1360-0443"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Addiction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009332600","display_name":"William V. Fabricius","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"William V. Fabricius","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, USA","Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, 85287, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, 85287, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033985339","display_name":"Craig T. Nagoshi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2832-3130","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2832-3130"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Craig T. Nagoshi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, USA","Arizona State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arizona State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014457578","display_name":"David P. MacKinnon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0866-6010","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0866-6010"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David P. Mackinnon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, USA","Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, #TAB##TAB##TAB##TAB##TAB##TAB#USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, #TAB##TAB##TAB##TAB##TAB##TAB#USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009332600"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"],"apc_list":{"value":4600,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4600},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.14439614,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"92","issue":"7","first_page":"847","last_page":"858"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10043","display_name":"Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes","score":0.9154999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10043","display_name":"Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes","score":0.9154999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12842","display_name":"Youth, Drugs, and Violence","score":0.024900000542402267,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13777","display_name":"Cognitive and psychological constructs research","score":0.007300000172108412,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medication-knowledge","display_name":"medication knowledge","score":0.625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-use-experience","display_name":"drug use experience","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-classification","display_name":"drug classification","score":0.5260000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/licit-and-illicit-drugs","display_name":"licit and illicit drugs","score":0.6650000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stimulants","display_name":"stimulants","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/college-students","display_name":"university students","score":0.7239999771118164}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780035454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386","display_name":"Drug","level":2,"score":0.7054626941680908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778903686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60168","display_name":"Heroin","level":3,"score":0.6249656677246094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5838773250579834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131140426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900521","display_name":"Intoxicative inhalant","level":2,"score":0.5238768458366394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777193897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179452","display_name":"Amphetamine","level":3,"score":0.4843938946723938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.4633064866065979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.435712993144989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124315065","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194270","display_name":"Hallucinogen","level":2,"score":0.4173544943332672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020689752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844924","display_name":"Illicit drug","level":3,"score":0.4160119295120239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779871769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23118","display_name":"Lysergic acid diethylamide","level":4,"score":0.4100354015827179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.34353333711624146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.34270817041397095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3288530707359314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33070731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7218","display_name":"Toxicology","level":1,"score":0.09776490926742554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513476851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170304","display_name":"Dopamine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775864247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167934","display_name":"Serotonin","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000428","descriptor_name":"Alcohol Drinking","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003042","descriptor_name":"Cocaine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003210","descriptor_name":"Concept Formation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004364","descriptor_name":"Pharmaceutical Preparations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008385","descriptor_name":"Marijuana Smoking","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019966","descriptor_name":"Substance-Related Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1046/j.1360-0443.1997.9278478.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.1997.9278478.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.1997.9278478.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S70513841","display_name":"Addiction","issn_l":"0965-2140","issn":["0965-2140","1360-0443"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Addiction","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1997.tb02954.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.1997.tb02954.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.1997.tb02954.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S70513841","display_name":"Addiction","issn_l":"0965-2140","issn":["0965-2140","1360-0443"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Addiction","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:9293044","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9293044","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Addiction (Abingdon, England)","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.7246000170707703}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7242638744","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AA8547","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337330","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8132262496","display_name":"ALCOHOL LABELING LEGISLATION EFFECTS ON ADOLESCENT","funder_award_id":"R01AA008547","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337330","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337330","display_name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","ror":"https://ror.org/02jzrsm59"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967196169","https://openalex.org/W1967335846","https://openalex.org/W1973193462","https://openalex.org/W1975460163","https://openalex.org/W2000215628","https://openalex.org/W2012766056","https://openalex.org/W2023489739","https://openalex.org/W2029978845","https://openalex.org/W2030299725","https://openalex.org/W2050369336","https://openalex.org/W2053507768","https://openalex.org/W2054773790","https://openalex.org/W2082890299","https://openalex.org/W2087852470","https://openalex.org/W2089042972","https://openalex.org/W2116411927","https://openalex.org/W2342997868","https://openalex.org/W2415511730","https://openalex.org/W3022656955"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970175327","https://openalex.org/W2344683763","https://openalex.org/W2101792094","https://openalex.org/W2107232050","https://openalex.org/W2091693006","https://openalex.org/W2032314561","https://openalex.org/W2039177005","https://openalex.org/W2161014581","https://openalex.org/W38991887","https://openalex.org/W2025840525"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Seventy-seven":[0],"college":[1],"students":[2],"varying":[3],"in":[4,132],"degree":[5],"of":[6,14,18],"drug":[7,93,133],"use":[8],"experience":[9,103],"rated":[10],"the":[11,113],"perceived":[12],"similarities":[13],"all":[15],"possible":[16],"combinations":[17],"16":[19],"drugs":[20,67,105,114,121],"classes":[21],"(cigarettes,":[22],"other":[23],"tobacco,":[24],"alcohol,":[25],"marijuana,":[26],"barbiturates,":[27],"minor":[28],"and":[29,45,59,85,136,150],"major":[30],"tranquilizers,":[31],"amphetamines,":[32],"amphetamine":[33],"derivatives,":[34],"cocaine,":[35],"heroin,":[36],"opiates,":[37],"hallucinogens,":[38],"inhalants,":[39],"PCP,":[40],"anti-depressants).":[41],"Multi-dimensional":[42],"scaling":[43],"(INDSCAL)":[44],"network":[46],"models":[47],"(PFNET)":[48],"indicated":[49],"that":[50,60,129,141],"abstainers":[51],"had":[52,106,116,123],"only":[53,111],"one":[54],"pharmacological":[55,88],"category":[56],"involving":[57],"sedatives/depressants,":[58],"they":[61,75,115,122],"attached":[62],"more":[63,82,91,107],"importance":[64],"to":[65,73],"whether":[66,74],"were":[68,76],"licit":[69],"vs.":[70,78],"illicit":[71],"than":[72],"depressants":[77],"stimulants.":[79],"Conceptions":[80],"became":[81],"coherent,":[83],"differentiated":[84],"based":[86],"on":[87,131],"properties":[89],"for":[90],"experienced":[92],"users.":[94],"In":[95],"line":[96],"with":[97,101,104],"previous":[98],"work,":[99],"groups":[100],"greater":[102],"sophisticated":[108,135],"conceptions":[109],"not":[110,124],"about":[112,120],"used,":[117],"but":[118],"also":[119],"used.":[125],"These":[126],"findings":[127],"suggest":[128],"early":[130],"behavior":[134],"interrelated":[137],"concepts":[138],"are":[139],"developing":[140],"should":[142],"be":[143],"taken":[144],"into":[145],"account":[146],"when":[147],"designing":[148],"interventions":[149],"information":[151],"campaigns.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}