{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2014949539","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/0163660054798645","title":"The irony ofIslah(reform)","display_name":"The irony ofIslah(reform)","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-08-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2014949539","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/0163660054798645","mag":"2014949539"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/0163660054798645","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/0163660054798645","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/0163660054798645","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S162391821","display_name":"The Washington Quarterly","issn_l":"0163-660X","issn":["0163-660X","1530-9177"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Washington Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000351767","display_name":"Gwenn Okruhlik","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98635879","display_name":"American University of Beirut","ror":"https://ror.org/04pznsd21","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}],"countries":["LB","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gwenn Okruhlik","raw_affiliation_strings":["a Visiting scholar in the department of government , University of Texas , Austin","b Visiting researcher in political studies , The American University of Beirut","Visiting researcher in political studies , The American University of Beirut","Visiting scholar in the department of government , University of Texas , Austin"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"a Visiting scholar in the department of government , University of Texas , Austin","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"b Visiting researcher in political studies , The American University of Beirut","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visiting researcher in political studies , The American University of Beirut","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visiting scholar in the department of government , University of Texas , Austin","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000351767"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309","https://openalex.org/I98635879"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9185,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81660931,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"4","first_page":"153","last_page":"170"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13103","display_name":"Middle East Politics and Society","score":0.8353999853134155,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13103","display_name":"Middle East Politics and Society","score":0.8353999853134155,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13634","display_name":"Middle East and Rwanda Conflicts","score":0.10899999737739563,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13379","display_name":"Multiculturalism, Politics, Migration, Gender","score":0.024800000712275505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/islah","display_name":"islah","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-reform","display_name":"political reform","score":0.621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-power","display_name":"political power","score":0.5720000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ruling-families","display_name":"ruling families","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jihad","display_name":"jihad","score":0.5910000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/al-qaeda","display_name":"al-Qaeda","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-reform","display_name":"social reform","score":0.5950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authoritarian-consolidation","display_name":"authoritarian consolidation","score":0.6549999713897705}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779975665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131361","display_name":"Irony","level":2,"score":0.8005372285842896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53811970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5062194","display_name":"Centrality","level":2,"score":0.7501955032348633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.7489328384399414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6921727657318115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.6240273118019104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992242676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1323572","display_name":"Social reform","level":3,"score":0.4206286668777466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.3860844373703003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.36714664101600647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.19309043884277344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.12383231520652771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/0163660054798645","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/0163660054798645","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/0163660054798645","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S162391821","display_name":"The Washington Quarterly","issn_l":"0163-660X","issn":["0163-660X","1530-9177"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Washington Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:muse.jhu.edu:/article/186476","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/article/186476","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196299","display_name":"Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","host_organization_name":"Johns Hopkins University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9595999717712402,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W12741043","https://openalex.org/W644869998","https://openalex.org/W2044739622","https://openalex.org/W2064809810","https://openalex.org/W2321646418","https://openalex.org/W2343603383","https://openalex.org/W2795675956","https://openalex.org/W2973149514","https://openalex.org/W3026476155"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6887717020","https://openalex.org/W3012754359","https://openalex.org/W2990350417","https://openalex.org/W2602513226","https://openalex.org/W2295318347","https://openalex.org/W3017366425","https://openalex.org/W416109193","https://openalex.org/W6931612972","https://openalex.org/W4377080861","https://openalex.org/W4233835734"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Although":[0],"meaningful":[1],"social":[2],"reforms":[3],"are":[4],"being":[5],"implemented,":[6],"none":[7],"address":[8],"the":[9,18,31],"essential":[10],"question":[11],"of":[12,20],"political":[13,37],"power.":[14],"By":[15],"capitalizing":[16],"on":[17],"fear":[19],"jihad":[21],"and":[22],"Al":[23],"Qaeda,":[24],"reform":[25],"is":[26],"carefully":[27],"choreographed":[28],"to":[29],"consolidate":[30],"ruling":[32],"family's":[33],"centrality":[34],"in":[35],"national":[36],"life.":[38]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}