{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2014909898","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0894-4105.13.4.539","title":"Deterioration of frontal lobe function in normal aging: Influences of fluid intelligence versus perceptual speed.","display_name":"Deterioration of frontal lobe function in normal aging: Influences of fluid intelligence versus perceptual speed.","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2014909898","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0894-4105.13.4.539","mag":"2014909898","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10527062"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1037//0894-4105.13.4.539","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0894-4105.13.4.539","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0894-4105.13.4.539","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97426521","display_name":"Neuropsychology","issn_l":"0894-4105","issn":["0894-4105","1931-1559"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neuropsychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078195295","display_name":"Alan J. Parkin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162608824","display_name":"University of Sussex","ror":"https://ror.org/00ayhx656","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162608824"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alan J. Parkin","raw_affiliation_strings":["U Sussex","U Sussex, Lab of Experimental Psychology, Brighton, England"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U Sussex","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162608824"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"U Sussex, Lab of Experimental Psychology, Brighton, England","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162608824"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008963818","display_name":"Rosalind I. Java","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rosalind I. Java","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.2884,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":140,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9574413,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"4","first_page":"539","last_page":"545"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11577","display_name":"Cognitive Abilities and Testing","score":0.8593999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11577","display_name":"Cognitive Abilities and Testing","score":0.8593999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11265","display_name":"Aging and Gerontology Research","score":0.07100000232458115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3206","display_name":"Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14434","display_name":"Historical and Modern Theater Studies","score":0.027400000020861626,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normal-aging","display_name":"normal aging","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frontal-lobe-function","display_name":"frontal lobe function","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluid-intelligence","display_name":"fluid intelligence","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perceptual-speed","display_name":"perceptual speed","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digit-symbol-substitution-test","display_name":"Digit Symbol Substitution Test","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-related-cognitive-decline","display_name":"age-related cognitive decline","score":0.6110000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verbal-fluency","display_name":"verbal fluency","score":0.5699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/older-adults","display_name":"older adults","score":0.4560000002384186}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.8171607851982117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777127467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749520","display_name":"Frontal lobe","level":2,"score":0.7461281418800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992622412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434146","display_name":"Fluid intelligence","level":4,"score":0.6135676503181458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.5812162756919861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.5723910927772522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.47259435057640076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.45756369829177856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.38429638743400574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21963081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11337567","display_name":"Working memory","level":3,"score":0.18833154439926147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.059711575508117676}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000375","descriptor_name":"Aging","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000375","descriptor_name":"Aging","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000704","descriptor_name":"Analysis of Variance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005625","descriptor_name":"Frontal Lobe","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007360","descriptor_name":"Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010465","descriptor_name":"Perception","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011581","descriptor_name":"Psychological Tests","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011597","descriptor_name":"Psychomotor Performance","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011930","descriptor_name":"Reaction Time","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012016","descriptor_name":"Reference Values","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012044","descriptor_name":"Regression Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1037//0894-4105.13.4.539","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0894-4105.13.4.539","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0894-4105.13.4.539","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97426521","display_name":"Neuropsychology","issn_l":"0894-4105","issn":["0894-4105","1931-1559"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neuropsychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1037/0894-4105.13.4.539","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0894-4105.13.4.539","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0894-4105.13.4.539","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97426521","display_name":"Neuropsychology","issn_l":"0894-4105","issn":["0894-4105","1931-1559"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neuropsychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:10527062","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10527062","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neuropsychology","raw_type":"Comparative Study"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","display_name":"Wellcome Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/029chgv08"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W635538395","https://openalex.org/W1793734229","https://openalex.org/W1795327044","https://openalex.org/W1830481607","https://openalex.org/W1847168837","https://openalex.org/W1975852352","https://openalex.org/W1989818186","https://openalex.org/W1997140867","https://openalex.org/W2000555003","https://openalex.org/W2004511312","https://openalex.org/W2020032897","https://openalex.org/W2022719198","https://openalex.org/W2029519451","https://openalex.org/W2039752037","https://openalex.org/W2045803772","https://openalex.org/W2047100253","https://openalex.org/W2053294108","https://openalex.org/W2059606782","https://openalex.org/W2063805389","https://openalex.org/W2073542242","https://openalex.org/W2078735698","https://openalex.org/W2085514551","https://openalex.org/W2091893882","https://openalex.org/W2149537840","https://openalex.org/W2179194516","https://openalex.org/W2232548624","https://openalex.org/W2311818427"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1988821661","https://openalex.org/W1971027095","https://openalex.org/W2130178897","https://openalex.org/W2000752417","https://openalex.org/W2969556076","https://openalex.org/W2031066553","https://openalex.org/W2185432003","https://openalex.org/W2136069339","https://openalex.org/W2809996721","https://openalex.org/W2053294108"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"group":[1],"of":[2,10,25,42,49,60,117,122],"young":[3],"participants":[4,12],"were":[5,30,74,79],"compared":[6],"with":[7],"2":[8],"groups":[9],"older":[11],"(young-old,":[13],"65-74":[14],"years":[15,19],"and":[16,52,100,138],"old-old,":[17],"75":[18],"or":[20,86],"over)":[21],"on":[22,33,66,120],"a":[23,40,95,106,114,130],"range":[24],"frontal":[26,68,123],"lobe":[27,124],"tasks.":[28],"They":[29],"also":[31],"assessed":[32],"the":[34,46,53],"Digit":[35],"Symbol":[36],"Substitution":[37],"Test":[38,57],"(DSST),":[39],"test":[41,48],"digit":[43],"cancellation":[44],"(DC),":[45],"AH4":[47,139],"fluid":[50],"intelligence,":[51],"National":[54],"Adult":[55],"Reading":[56],"(NART)-a":[58],"measure":[59],"crystalized":[61],"intelligence.":[62],"Reliable":[63],"age":[64,77],"differences":[65],"all":[67],"measures":[69,121],"except":[70],"word":[71],"fluency":[72],"(FAS)":[73],"found.":[75],"However,":[76],"effects":[78],"radically":[80],"attenuated":[81,102],"when":[82],"either":[83],"DSST":[84,137],"speed":[85],"Alice":[87],"Heim":[88],"4":[89],"(AH4)":[90],"performance":[91],"was":[92],"used":[93],"as":[94],"covariate.":[96],"In":[97],"contrast,":[98],"DC":[99],"NART":[101],"age-related":[103,118],"variance":[104,119],"to":[105,129],"much":[107],"lesser":[108],"degree.":[109],"The":[110],"authors":[111],"conclude":[112],"that":[113],"large":[115],"proportion":[116],"function":[125],"may":[126],"be":[127],"attributed":[128],"more":[131],"general":[132],"factor":[133],"characterized":[134],"jointly":[135],"by":[136],"performance.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}