{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2014879636","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01944367608977730","title":"Local Control as Social Reform: Planning for Big Cities in the Seventies","display_name":"Local Control as Social Reform: Planning for Big Cities in the Seventies","publication_year":1976,"publication_date":"1976-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2014879636","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01944367608977730","mag":"2014879636"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/01944367608977730","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01944367608977730","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01944367608977730","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179328","display_name":"Journal of the American Institute of Planners","issn_l":"0002-8991","issn":["0002-8991","2376-7871"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Institute of Planners","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015152278","display_name":"Susan S. Fainstein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6556-8463","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6556-8463"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Susan S. Fainstein","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030434892","display_name":"Norman I. Fainstein","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Norman I. Fainstein","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.6,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95854545,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"42","issue":"3","first_page":"275","last_page":"285"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10239","display_name":"Urban Planning and Governance","score":0.6836000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10239","display_name":"Urban Planning and Governance","score":0.6836000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13247","display_name":"Local Governance and Planning","score":0.2863999903202057,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11645","display_name":"Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies","score":0.010599999688565731,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-control","display_name":"local control","score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decentralization","display_name":"decentralization","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-control","display_name":"community control","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-planning","display_name":"urban planning","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/new-york-city","display_name":"New York City","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-engagement","display_name":"community participation","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/housing-renovation","display_name":"housing renovation","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-reform","display_name":"social reform","score":0.5680000185966492}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136810230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188961","display_name":"Decentralization","level":2,"score":0.8592227697372437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780623907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106394435","display_name":"Disadvantaged","level":2,"score":0.7558795213699341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51575053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72468","display_name":"Bureaucracy","level":3,"score":0.6956213712692261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.6185563206672668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778719706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6501447","display_name":"Local government","level":2,"score":0.6098986268043518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.5786390900611877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555826173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174","display_name":"Democracy","level":3,"score":0.5284250378608704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4761502742767334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778605646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223729","display_name":"White paper","level":2,"score":0.469165176153183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779455803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q490933","display_name":"Local community","level":2,"score":0.46791011095046997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.46101418137550354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4446130394935608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.4323159158229828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.34563183784484863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.19106602668762207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.11051398515701294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.10498186945915222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/01944367608977730","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01944367608977730","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01944367608977730","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179328","display_name":"Journal of the American Institute of Planners","issn_l":"0002-8991","issn":["0002-8991","2376-7871"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Institute of Planners","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8787999749183655,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"},{"score":0.7578999996185303,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"score":0.5473999977111816,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.5099999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1985882416","https://openalex.org/W1994540283","https://openalex.org/W2059582056","https://openalex.org/W2072525087","https://openalex.org/W2081412533","https://openalex.org/W2132694219","https://openalex.org/W2134301178","https://openalex.org/W2327662693","https://openalex.org/W4249996477","https://openalex.org/W4300615633"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2133843276","https://openalex.org/W2105038887","https://openalex.org/W2091361976","https://openalex.org/W64402534","https://openalex.org/W7097508805","https://openalex.org/W4384525057","https://openalex.org/W2979590442","https://openalex.org/W2070196754","https://openalex.org/W2482468433","https://openalex.org/W2067740648"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Decentralization":[0,91],"of":[1,30,43,54,72,88,92,112,158,164,187],"planning":[2],"can":[3],"provide":[4],"disadvantaged":[5],"groups":[6,59,138],"with":[7,85,103],"greater":[8],"access":[9],"to":[10,15,38,139],"bureaucratic":[11],"decision":[12],"making,":[13],"incentives":[14],"community":[16,25,40,44,73,80,106,152],"development,":[17],"and":[18,34,131,168],"enhanced":[19],"democratic":[20],"participation.":[21],"In":[22,148],"recent":[23],"years":[24],"control":[26,81],"has":[27,134],"become":[28],"less":[29],"a":[31,51,69],"racial":[32,58],"issue":[33],"therefore":[35],"more":[36],"acceptable":[37],"white":[39],"leaders.":[41],"Surveys":[42],"leaders":[45,66],"in":[46,125],"New":[47,109],"York":[48,110],"City":[49],"indicate":[50],"high":[52],"level":[53,71],"support":[55],"among":[56],"all":[57],"for":[60,79,145],"increased":[61],"local":[62,137,172],"control,":[63],"although":[64,102],"minority":[65],"still":[67],"favor":[68],"higher":[70],"input":[74],"than":[75],"do":[76],"whites.":[77],"Support":[78],"is":[82,95,160,174],"highly":[83,117],"correlated":[84],"negative":[86],"evaluations":[87],"city":[89,100],"services.":[90],"administrative":[93],"programs":[94],"also":[96],"favored":[97],"by":[98],"many":[99],"officials,":[101],"limitations":[104],"on":[105,136],"input.":[107],"The":[108,129],"Office":[111],"Neighborhood":[113,142],"Government":[114],"experiment":[115],"received":[116],"laudatory":[118],"endorsements":[119],"from":[120],"the":[121,141],"bureaucrats":[122],"who":[123],"served":[124],"district":[126],"service":[127],"cabinets.":[128],"Housing":[130],"Development":[132],"Administration":[133],"relied":[135],"implement":[140],"Preservation":[143],"Program":[144],"housing":[146],"rehabilitation.":[147],"both":[149],"cases,":[150],"however,":[151],"participation":[153,173],"was":[154],"eventually":[155],"stymied.":[156],"Implementation":[157],"decentralization":[159,182],"made":[161],"difficult":[162],"because":[163],"contradictions":[165],"between":[166],"class":[167],"locational":[169],"interests.":[170],"Meaningful":[171],"often":[175],"either":[176],"co-opted":[177],"or":[178],"suppressed.":[179],"Nevertheless,":[180],"urban":[181],"continues":[183],"as":[184],"one":[185],"path":[186],"moderate":[188],"but":[189],"viable":[190],"reform.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-15T07:11:24.734988","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}