{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2014826016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1089/aid.2013.0189","title":"Isoosmolar Enemas Demonstrate Preferential Gastrointestinal Distribution, Safety, and Acceptability Compared with Hyperosmolar and Hypoosmolar Enemas as a Potential Delivery Vehicle for Rectal Microbicides","display_name":"Isoosmolar Enemas Demonstrate Preferential Gastrointestinal Distribution, Safety, and Acceptability Compared with Hyperosmolar and Hypoosmolar Enemas as a Potential Delivery Vehicle for Rectal Microbicides","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-07-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2014826016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1089/aid.2013.0189","mag":"2014826016","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23885722","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3809953"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1089/aid.2013.0189","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1089/aid.2013.0189","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1089/aid.2013.0189","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S161282271","display_name":"AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses","issn_l":"0889-2229","issn":["0889-2229","1931-8405"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320443","host_organization_name":"Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320443","https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3809953","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110211473","display_name":"Francisco J. Leyva","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799853436","display_name":"Johns Hopkins Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/037zgn354","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francisco J. Leyva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine","Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022277404","display_name":"Rahul P. Bakshi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1478-1031","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1478-1031"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799853436","display_name":"Johns Hopkins Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/037zgn354","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rahul P. Bakshi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine","Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045625987","display_name":"Edward J. Fuchs","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799853436","display_name":"Johns Hopkins Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/037zgn354","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edward J. Fuchs","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine","Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Liye Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799853436","display_name":"Johns Hopkins Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/037zgn354","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liye Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine","Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044021585","display_name":"Brian  S. Caffo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0793-9497","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0793-9497"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian S. Caffo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health","Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021344693","display_name":"Arthur J. Goldsmith","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arthur J. Goldsmith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health","Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061157377","display_name":"Ana Ventuneac","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5186-4875","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5186-4875"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388891851","display_name":"New York State Psychiatric Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04aqjf708","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4388891851"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405271463","display_name":"HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/02fk4pp77","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405271463"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ana Ventuneac","raw_affiliation_strings":["New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University","Department of Infectious Diseases Division, HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies at New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York, New York"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388891851","https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Infectious Diseases Division, HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies at New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York, New York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388891851","https://openalex.org/I4405271463","https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079933775","display_name":"Alex Carballo\u2010Di\u00e9guez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5888-031X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5888-031X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388891851","display_name":"New York State Psychiatric Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04aqjf708","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4388891851"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405271463","display_name":"HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/02fk4pp77","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405271463"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alex Carballo-Di\u00e9guez","raw_affiliation_strings":["New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University","Department of Infectious Diseases Division, HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies at New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York, New York"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388891851","https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Infectious Diseases Division, HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies at New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York, New York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388891851","https://openalex.org/I4405271463","https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081278059","display_name":"Yong Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0237-6154","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0237-6154"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799853436","display_name":"Johns Hopkins Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/037zgn354","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine","Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112415849","display_name":"Jeffrey P. Leal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8774-4541","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8774-4541"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799853436","display_name":"Johns Hopkins Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/037zgn354","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeffrey P. Leal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine","Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011561410","display_name":"Linda A. Lee","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799853436","display_name":"Johns Hopkins Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/037zgn354","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linda A. Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine","Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004774815","display_name":"Michael S Torbenson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8334-7725","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8334-7725"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799853436","display_name":"Johns Hopkins Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/037zgn354","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael S. Torbenson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine","Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053567182","display_name":"Craig W. Hendrix","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5696-8665","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5696-8665"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799853436","display_name":"Johns Hopkins Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/037zgn354","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Craig W. Hendrix","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine","Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053567182"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2799853436"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.6357,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":47,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92706834,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"11","first_page":"1487","last_page":"1495"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10082","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","score":0.7886000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10082","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","score":0.7886000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10920","display_name":"Advanced Drug Delivery Systems","score":0.16500000655651093,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3003","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10526","display_name":"HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment","score":0.022600000724196434,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rectal-microbicides","display_name":"rectal microbicides","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enema","display_name":"enema","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-pre-exposure-prophylaxis","display_name":"HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/men-who-have-sex-with-men","display_name":"men who have sex with men","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rectal-drug-delivery","display_name":"rectal drug delivery","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mucosal-permeability","display_name":"mucosal permeability","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acceptability","display_name":"acceptability","score":0.6119999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spect-ct-imaging","display_name":"SPECT/CT imaging","score":0.6119999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/99mtc-dtpa","display_name":"99mTc-DTPA","score":0.8489999771118164}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8740099668502808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776530707","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194517","display_name":"Enema","level":2,"score":0.8688632249832153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197746943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68541106","display_name":"Microbicide","level":3,"score":0.4981422424316406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778435480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840387","display_name":"Colonoscopy","level":4,"score":0.4852018654346466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126894567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105650","display_name":"Urology","level":1,"score":0.44384831190109253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90924648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120569","display_name":"Gastroenterology","level":1,"score":0.38214462995529175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.358279824256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214963","display_name":"Nuclear medicine","level":1,"score":0.32102376222610474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526805850","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188874","display_name":"Colorectal cancer","level":3,"score":0.15634474158287048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3013748606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15787","display_name":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)","level":2,"score":0.14778634905815125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.07417601346969604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000890","descriptor_name":"Anti-Infective Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001706","descriptor_name":"Biopsy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004733","descriptor_name":"Enema","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004733","descriptor_name":"Enema","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007413","descriptor_name":"Intestinal Mucosa","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007413","descriptor_name":"Intestinal Mucosa","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010342","descriptor_name":"Patient Acceptance of Health Care","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012809","descriptor_name":"Colon, Sigmoid","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012809","descriptor_name":"Colon, Sigmoid","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012996","descriptor_name":"Solutions","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012996","descriptor_name":"Solutions","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012996","descriptor_name":"Solutions","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015899","descriptor_name":"Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1089/aid.2013.0189","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1089/aid.2013.0189","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1089/aid.2013.0189","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S161282271","display_name":"AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses","issn_l":"0889-2229","issn":["0889-2229","1931-8405"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320443","host_organization_name":"Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320443","https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3809953","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3809953","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:23885722","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23885722","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3809953","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3809953","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Clinical Trial","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8087335936","display_name":"Microbicide Development Program (MDP)","funder_award_id":"U19AI060614","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000339547","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AI060614","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000866595","display_name":"Clinical Pharmacology Training Program","funder_award_id":"T32GM066691","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","funder_display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000908887","display_name":"HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies","funder_award_id":"P30MH043520","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310145","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04xeg9z08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04q48ey07"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1781194118","https://openalex.org/W1840522501","https://openalex.org/W1904930516","https://openalex.org/W1919163307","https://openalex.org/W1965660000","https://openalex.org/W1967123951","https://openalex.org/W1975798023","https://openalex.org/W1987828436","https://openalex.org/W1999988675","https://openalex.org/W2005560533","https://openalex.org/W2011448722","https://openalex.org/W2016058867","https://openalex.org/W2023458475","https://openalex.org/W2024213191","https://openalex.org/W2025063027","https://openalex.org/W2029012662","https://openalex.org/W2044745184","https://openalex.org/W2049873396","https://openalex.org/W2056206389","https://openalex.org/W2066900726","https://openalex.org/W2075423069","https://openalex.org/W2103920597","https://openalex.org/W2117057469","https://openalex.org/W2139642740","https://openalex.org/W2142407602","https://openalex.org/W2142909744","https://openalex.org/W2147149136","https://openalex.org/W2148960200","https://openalex.org/W2154744699","https://openalex.org/W2158262393","https://openalex.org/W2162226934","https://openalex.org/W2275610698","https://openalex.org/W2324968015","https://openalex.org/W2335555265","https://openalex.org/W2430874153"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2765614584","https://openalex.org/W2803140811","https://openalex.org/W4402267979","https://openalex.org/W2226504904","https://openalex.org/W2139642740","https://openalex.org/W2567343132","https://openalex.org/W2158262393","https://openalex.org/W2898663710","https://openalex.org/W2580563172","https://openalex.org/W1982482362"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Rectally":[0],"applied":[1],"antiretroviral":[2],"microbicides":[3],"for":[4,247],"preexposure":[5],"prophylaxis":[6],"(PrEP)":[7],"of":[8,56,122,136,163,183],"HIV":[9],"infection":[10],"are":[11,19],"currently":[12],"in":[13,76,91,239],"development.":[14],"Since":[15],"enemas":[16,170,238],"(rectal":[17],"douches)":[18],"commonly":[20],"used":[21],"by":[22,41],"men":[23,28,71],"who":[24],"have":[25],"sex":[26],"with":[27,219],"prior":[29],"to":[30,87,114,152,167,208,235],"receptive":[31],"anal":[32],"intercourse,":[33],"a":[34,67,244,251],"microbicide":[35,253],"enema":[36,58,74,89,145,180,193,226,230],"could":[37],"enhance":[38],"PrEP":[39],"adherence":[40],"fitting":[42],"seamlessly":[43],"within":[44],"the":[45,51,92,123,134,137,143,153,168,178,184,191,201,209,224,236],"usual":[46],"sexual":[47],"practices.":[48],"We":[49],"assessed":[50,127],"distribution,":[52],"safety,":[53],"and":[54,64,132,156,159,204,211,242],"acceptability":[55],"three":[57,225],"types-hyperosmolar":[59],"(Fleet),":[60],"hypoosmolar":[61,192],"(distilled":[62],"water),":[63],"isoosmolar":[65,144,212,229],"(Normosol-R)-in":[66],"crossover":[68],"design.":[69],"Nine":[70],"received":[72],"each":[73,129],"type":[75],"random":[77],"order.":[78],"Enemas":[79],"were":[80,112],"radiolabeled":[81],"[(99m)Tc-diethylene":[82],"triamine":[83],"pentaacetic":[84],"acid":[85],"(DTPA)]":[86],"assess":[88,115],"distribution":[90,150],"colon":[93,109,160],"using":[94],"single":[95],"photon":[96],"emission":[97],"computed":[98],"tomography/computed":[99],"tomography":[100],"(SPECT/CT)":[101],"imaging.":[102],"Plasma":[103],"(99m)Tc-DTPA":[104,164,197],"indicated":[105],"mucosal":[106],"permeability.":[107],"Sigmoidoscopic":[108],"tissue":[110,120,161],"biopsies":[111,173],"taken":[113],"injury":[116],"as":[117,119,250],"well":[118],"penetration":[121],"(99m)Tc-DTPA.":[124],"Acceptability":[125,215],"was":[126,216,231],"after":[128],"product":[130],"use":[131],"at":[133],"end":[135],"study.":[138],"SPECT/CT":[139],"imaging":[140],"showed":[141,175],"that":[142,176],"had":[146,194],"greater":[147,157],"proximal":[148],"colonic":[149,185],"(up":[151],"splenic":[154],"flexure)":[155],"luminal":[158],"concentrations":[162],"when":[165],"compared":[166,207],"other":[169,237],"(p<0.01).":[171],"Colon":[172],"also":[174],"only":[177],"hyperosmolar":[179,210],"caused":[181],"sloughing":[182],"epithelium":[186],"(p<0.05).":[187],"In":[188],"permeability":[189],"testing,":[190],"higher":[195],"plasma":[196],"24-h":[198],"area":[199],"under":[200],"concentration-time":[202],"curve":[203],"peak":[205],"concentration":[206],"enemas,":[213],"respectively.":[214],"generally":[217],"good":[218,245],"no":[220],"clear":[221],"preferences":[222],"among":[223],"types.":[227],"The":[228],"superior":[232],"or":[233],"similar":[234],"all":[240],"categories":[241],"is":[243],"candidate":[246],"further":[248],"development":[249],"rectal":[252],"vehicle.":[254]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}