{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2014721161","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nbm.931","title":"Manganese toxicity upon overexposure","display_name":"Manganese toxicity upon overexposure","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2014721161","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nbm.931","mag":"2014721161","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15617053","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3980863"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/nbm.931","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nbm.931","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nbm.931","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S45012897","display_name":"NMR in Biomedicine","issn_l":"0952-3480","issn":["0952-3480","1099-1492"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NMR in Biomedicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3980863","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015155907","display_name":"Janelle S. Crossgrove","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Janelle Crossgrove","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042747199","display_name":"Wei Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4510-9117","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4510-9117"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wei Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042747199"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"],"apc_list":{"value":3640,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3640},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0842,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":821,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.875,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"8","first_page":"544","last_page":"553"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10790","display_name":"Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10790","display_name":"Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10915","display_name":"Trace Elements in Health","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10378","display_name":"Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manganese-toxicity","display_name":"manganese toxicity","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manganese-neurotoxicity","display_name":"manganese neurotoxicity","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contrast-media","display_name":"contrast media","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-brain-barrier","display_name":"blood-brain barrier","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-cerebrospinal-fluid-barrier","display_name":"blood-CSF barrier","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extrapyramidal-system","display_name":"extrapyramidal system","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parkinson-s-disease","display_name":"Parkinson's disease","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iron-homeostasis","display_name":"iron homeostasis","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manganese-valence-state","display_name":"manganese valence state","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chelation-therapy","display_name":"chelation therapy","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/levodopa","display_name":"levodopa","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manganese-deficiency","display_name":"manganese deficiency","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parenteral-nutrition","display_name":"parenteral nutrition","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupational-manganese-exposure","display_name":"occupational manganese exposure","score":0.6859999895095825}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29730261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274160","display_name":"Toxicity","level":2,"score":0.8279770612716675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779491297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3338704","display_name":"Neurotoxicity","level":3,"score":0.7514286041259766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5822126865386963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778402981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221694","display_name":"Blood\u2013brain barrier","level":3,"score":0.5586099028587341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63645605","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103191","display_name":"Homeostasis","level":2,"score":0.527654767036438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.5058900713920593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780497538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192006","display_name":"Detoxification (alternative medicine)","level":3,"score":0.4581091105937958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529278444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47273","display_name":"Central nervous system","level":2,"score":0.3316725492477417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.3303201496601105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.28664541244506836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003287","descriptor_name":"Contrast Media","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003287","descriptor_name":"Contrast Media","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004492","descriptor_name":"Edetic Acid","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004492","descriptor_name":"Edetic Acid","qualifier_ui":"Q000031","qualifier_name":"analogs & derivatives","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004492","descriptor_name":"Edetic Acid","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006321","descriptor_name":"Heart","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008345","descriptor_name":"Manganese","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008345","descriptor_name":"Manganese","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009206","descriptor_name":"Myocardium","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011732","descriptor_name":"Pyridoxal Phosphate","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011732","descriptor_name":"Pyridoxal Phosphate","qualifier_ui":"Q000031","qualifier_name":"analogs & derivatives","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011732","descriptor_name":"Pyridoxal Phosphate","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020149","descriptor_name":"Manganese Poisoning","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020149","descriptor_name":"Manganese Poisoning","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/nbm.931","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nbm.931","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nbm.931","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S45012897","display_name":"NMR in Biomedicine","issn_l":"0952-3480","issn":["0952-3480","1099-1492"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NMR in Biomedicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:15617053","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15617053","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NMR in biomedicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2962351","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3980863","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3980863","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3980863","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"NMR Biomed","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.712.9720","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.712.9720","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://web.ics.purdue.edu/%7Ewzheng/Publications/Epapers/2004_Crossgrove%26Zheng%20NMRBiomed.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2962351","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3980863","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9940000176429749,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1508929794","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ES-08146","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337361","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2925119209","display_name":"Creation of an In Vitro Brain Barrier Transport System","funder_award_id":"R21ES013118","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337361","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5208280216","display_name":"Choroid Plexus as a Target in Metal-induced Neurotoxicity","funder_award_id":"R56ES008146","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337361","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G705985794","display_name":"CHOROID PLEXUS AS A TARGET IN METAL-INDUCED NEUROTOXICITY","funder_award_id":"R01ES008146","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337361","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000920621","display_name":"Center for Environmental Health in Northern Manhattan","funder_award_id":"P30ES009089","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337361","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337361","display_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00j4k1h63"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":121,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W38866710","https://openalex.org/W59979923","https://openalex.org/W77133185","https://openalex.org/W117519987","https://openalex.org/W151173115","https://openalex.org/W175679824","https://openalex.org/W200922505","https://openalex.org/W649313479","https://openalex.org/W1237982461","https://openalex.org/W1510134239","https://openalex.org/W1552768466","https://openalex.org/W1568628619","https://openalex.org/W1577734122","https://openalex.org/W1598721644","https://openalex.org/W1713124107","https://openalex.org/W1891986615","https://openalex.org/W1963694911","https://openalex.org/W1965857385","https://openalex.org/W1966086465","https://openalex.org/W1966310989","https://openalex.org/W1967349354","https://openalex.org/W1968632871","https://openalex.org/W1969872707","https://openalex.org/W1970998938","https://openalex.org/W1971701992","https://openalex.org/W1974941920","https://openalex.org/W1975356970","https://openalex.org/W1975707153","https://openalex.org/W1981998557","https://openalex.org/W1983262940","https://openalex.org/W1986945876","https://openalex.org/W1987362976","https://openalex.org/W1988124761","https://openalex.org/W1989419613","https://openalex.org/W1990616152","https://openalex.org/W1990770450","https://openalex.org/W1990889870","https://openalex.org/W1991317122","https://openalex.org/W1995793150","https://openalex.org/W1997230948","https://openalex.org/W1998444618","https://openalex.org/W2000399416","https://openalex.org/W2002034943","https://openalex.org/W2002526194","https://openalex.org/W2013653760","https://openalex.org/W2018750514","https://openalex.org/W2024299232","https://openalex.org/W2024555948","https://openalex.org/W2027631864","https://openalex.org/W2028075356","https://openalex.org/W2028680240","https://openalex.org/W2035148839","https://openalex.org/W2037288337","https://openalex.org/W2037711206","https://openalex.org/W2040590028","https://openalex.org/W2043288982","https://openalex.org/W2044523838","https://openalex.org/W2046443308","https://openalex.org/W2048960021","https://openalex.org/W2052679565","https://openalex.org/W2053032861","https://openalex.org/W2053217391","https://openalex.org/W2054051657","https://openalex.org/W2055844985","https://openalex.org/W2056636536","https://openalex.org/W2056682337","https://openalex.org/W2057956755","https://openalex.org/W2058927078","https://openalex.org/W2061606022","https://openalex.org/W2065869430","https://openalex.org/W2068857206","https://openalex.org/W2069665561","https://openalex.org/W2074924623","https://openalex.org/W2074948983","https://openalex.org/W2075421183","https://openalex.org/W2076989525","https://openalex.org/W2078209767","https://openalex.org/W2082160528","https://openalex.org/W2082567923","https://openalex.org/W2084976225","https://openalex.org/W2085089910","https://openalex.org/W2087607022","https://openalex.org/W2091831785","https://openalex.org/W2093554516","https://openalex.org/W2100158132","https://openalex.org/W2107388762","https://openalex.org/W2107388801","https://openalex.org/W2109761909","https://openalex.org/W2122761602","https://openalex.org/W2123913108","https://openalex.org/W2126617630","https://openalex.org/W2134316971","https://openalex.org/W2136459252","https://openalex.org/W2146875860","https://openalex.org/W2149626409","https://openalex.org/W2153529465","https://openalex.org/W2155058308","https://openalex.org/W2156177292","https://openalex.org/W2156840897","https://openalex.org/W2158587319","https://openalex.org/W2159301434","https://openalex.org/W2162483744","https://openalex.org/W2163159878","https://openalex.org/W2167310267","https://openalex.org/W2228657238","https://openalex.org/W2237551810","https://openalex.org/W2264506995","https://openalex.org/W2313430913","https://openalex.org/W2320498818","https://openalex.org/W2330511207","https://openalex.org/W2398870997","https://openalex.org/W2406911194","https://openalex.org/W2408958446","https://openalex.org/W2413037705","https://openalex.org/W2424006541","https://openalex.org/W2463623806","https://openalex.org/W2488012334","https://openalex.org/W2781518035","https://openalex.org/W4206357795","https://openalex.org/W4242683614","https://openalex.org/W4300528738"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7095422231","https://openalex.org/W7098893291","https://openalex.org/W2114148027","https://openalex.org/W76009950","https://openalex.org/W1516451190","https://openalex.org/W2059869891","https://openalex.org/W2059053229","https://openalex.org/W4210592445","https://openalex.org/W2043286349","https://openalex.org/W2109669266"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Manganese":[0],"(Mn)":[1],"is":[2,22,85,127,183],"a":[3,7,119],"required":[4],"element":[5],"and":[6,52,68,81,84,98,116,170,191,212,224],"metabolic":[8],"byproduct":[9],"of":[10,41,110,122,162,195,231,243],"the":[11,26,49,89,111,123,147,152,175,192,217,241],"contrast":[12,35],"agent":[13],"mangafodipir":[14],"trisodium":[15],"(MnDPDP).":[16],"The":[17,39,172],"Mn":[18,43,58,72,104,135,168,196,206],"released":[19],"from":[20,107,138],"MnDPDP":[21],"initially":[23],"sequestered":[24],"by":[25],"liver":[27],"for":[28,36,134,174],"first-pass":[29],"elimination,":[30],"which":[31,126,221],"allows":[32],"an":[33,108],"enhanced":[34],"diagnostic":[37],"imaging.":[38],"administration":[40,230],"intravenous":[42],"impacts":[44],"its":[45],"homeostatic":[46],"balance":[47],"in":[48,63,69,88,113,118,188,203],"human":[50],"body":[51],"can":[53],"lead":[54,165],"to":[55,129,136,166,179,205],"toxicity.":[56,207,245],"Human":[57],"deficiency":[59],"has":[60,74],"been":[61,75,102,198],"reported":[62,76],"patients":[64],"on":[65],"parenteral":[66],"nutrition":[67],"micronutrient":[70],"studies.":[71],"toxicity":[73,100],"through":[77],"occupational":[78],"(e.g.":[79],"welder)":[80],"dietary":[82],"overexposure":[83],"evidenced":[86],"primarily":[87],"central":[90],"nervous":[91],"system,":[92],"although":[93],"lung,":[94],"cardiac,":[95],"liver,":[96],"reproductive":[97],"fetal":[99],"have":[101,197],"noted.":[103],"neurotoxicity":[105],"results":[106,117],"accumulation":[109,169],"metal":[112],"brain":[114,141,167,181],"tissue":[115],"progressive":[120],"disorder":[121],"extrapyramidal":[124],"system":[125],"similar":[128],"Parkinson's":[130],"disease.":[131],"In":[132,227],"order":[133],"distribute":[137],"blood":[139],"into":[140],"tissue,":[142],"it":[143],"must":[144],"cross":[145],"either":[146],"blood-brain":[148],"barrier":[149,155],"(BBB)":[150],"or":[151,233],"blood-cerebrospinal":[153],"fluid":[154],"(BCB).":[156],"Brain":[157],"import,":[158],"with":[159,210,214],"no":[160],"evidence":[161],"export,":[163],"would":[164],"neurotoxicity.":[171],"mechanism":[173],"neurodegenerative":[176],"damage":[177],"specific":[178],"select":[180],"regions":[182],"not":[184],"clearly":[185],"understood.":[186],"Disturbances":[187],"iron":[189],"homeostasis":[190],"valence":[193],"state":[194],"implicated":[199],"as":[200],"key":[201],"factors":[202],"contributing":[204],"Chelation":[208],"therapy":[209],"EDTA":[211],"supplementation":[213],"levodopa":[215],"are":[216,222],"current":[218],"treatment":[219],"options,":[220],"mildly":[223],"transiently":[225],"efficacious.":[226],"conclusion,":[228],"repeated":[229],"Mn,":[232,238],"compounds":[234],"that":[235],"readily":[236],"release":[237],"may":[239],"increase":[240],"risk":[242],"Mn-induced":[244]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":44},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":45},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":54},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":76},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":60},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":57},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":45},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":46},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":43}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
