{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2014679934","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3087890","title":"Aspects of Intonation in Black English","display_name":"Aspects of Intonation in Black English","publication_year":1973,"publication_date":"1973-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2014679934","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3087890","mag":"2014679934"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/3087890","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3087890","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3087890","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S203328646","display_name":"American Speech","issn_l":"0003-1283","issn":["0003-1283","1527-2133"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315698","host_organization_name":"Duke University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315698","https://openalex.org/P4310315572"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Duke University Press","Duke University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Speech","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074581317","display_name":"Elaine E. Tarone","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Elaine E. Tarone","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074581317"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":92,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.3523622,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"48","issue":"1/2","first_page":"29","last_page":"29"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11640","display_name":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","score":0.9682999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11640","display_name":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","score":0.9682999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":0.028599999845027924,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13727","display_name":"Linguistic and Sociocultural Studies","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-english","display_name":"Black English","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intonation","display_name":"intonation","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prosodic-features","display_name":"prosodic features","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pitch","display_name":"pitch","score":0.453000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stress","display_name":"stress","score":0.33000001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rhythm","display_name":"rhythm","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-american-dialect","display_name":"African American dialect","score":0.5090000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intonation-contours","display_name":"intonation contours","score":0.4390000104904175}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781045179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5576720","display_name":"Intonation (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.8199143409729004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.661482036113739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.3833610415458679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.19781160354614258}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/3087890","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3087890","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3087890","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S203328646","display_name":"American Speech","issn_l":"0003-1283","issn":["0003-1283","1527-2133"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315698","host_organization_name":"Duke University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315698","https://openalex.org/P4310315572"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Duke University Press","Duke University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Speech","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.5600000023841858}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W564955041","https://openalex.org/W579371416","https://openalex.org/W2044806317","https://openalex.org/W2091387799","https://openalex.org/W2313843535"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W73554738","https://openalex.org/W1977892422","https://openalex.org/W76030727","https://openalex.org/W2313418243","https://openalex.org/W2332028205","https://openalex.org/W1533908275","https://openalex.org/W4387386936","https://openalex.org/W4287545680","https://openalex.org/W7125804355","https://openalex.org/W2983967076"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"AN":[0],"IMPORTANT":[1],"OBJECT":[2],"of":[3,101,123,174,182,189,193,212,220,273,297,303,313,332,346],"recent":[4],"sociolinguistic":[5,204],"research":[6,85],"has":[7,86,197,252,328],"been":[8,128,139],"an":[9],"American":[10],"dialect":[11,26,96,107],"spoken":[12],"primarily":[13],"by":[14],"adolescents":[15],"in":[16,21,65,72,111,130,142,164,185,203,222,348,371],"the":[17,57,116,146,153,168,180,190,213,218,240,245,261,266,282,293,343,369],"black":[30],"speech":[19,336],"communities":[20],"Northern":[22],"urban":[23,58,82],"areas.":[24,83],"This":[25],"is":[27,54,93,187,322],"presently":[28],"called":[29],"English.":[31],"Sociolinguists":[32],"such":[33],"as":[34,162,167],"Labov":[35],"et":[36],"al.":[37],"(1968),":[38],"Dillard":[39],"(1972),":[40],"and":[41,44,60,104,119,137,176,317,337],"Shuy,":[42],"Wolfram,":[43],"Riley":[45],"(1967)":[46],"have":[47,126,150],"presented":[48,87],"convincing":[49,88],"evidence":[50,89],"that":[51,61,90,155,196,254,281,325,338,357],"English":[53,92,125,166,195,299,327],"widespread":[55],"throughout":[56],"North":[59],"it":[62,70,207,321],"varies":[63],"little":[64],"its":[66,98,133],"segmental":[67,105,120,177],"characteristics":[68],"whether":[69],"occurs":[71],"New":[73],"York":[74],"City,":[75],"Detroit,":[76],"Washington,":[77],"Los":[78],"Angeles,":[79],"or":[80,228],"other":[81],"Such":[84],"a":[94,270,329,361],"systematic":[95],"with":[97,233],"own":[99],"rules":[100],"semantics,":[102],"syntax,":[103],"phonology-a":[106],"having":[108],"possible":[109],"roots":[110],"West":[112],"African":[113],"languages.":[114],"While":[115],"semantic,":[117],"syntactic,":[118],"phonemic":[121],"structure":[122],"all":[127,223],"described":[129],"some":[131,309],"detail,":[132],"suprasegmental":[134,157,191],"characteristics-stress,":[135],"rhythm,":[136],"intonation-have":[138],"largely":[140],"overlooked":[141],"most":[143,214],"studies.":[144],"At":[145],"same":[147],"time,":[148],"investigators":[149],"consistently":[151],"recorded":[152],"impression":[154],"these":[156],"features":[158,173,192,216],"are":[159],"probably":[160],"just":[161],"distinctive":[163],"other,":[169],"more":[170,258,284],"carefully":[171],"described,":[172],"syntax":[175],"phonology.":[178],"Intonation,":[179],"patterns":[181,296],"pitch":[183],"used":[184],"speech,":[186,305],"one":[188,211],"not":[198],"received":[199],"much":[200],"close":[201],"examination":[202],"research.":[205],"Yet":[206],"appears":[208],"to":[209,239,260,265],"be":[210,231],"important":[215],"for":[217],"communication":[219],"attitude":[221,314],"social":[224],"situations.":[225],"Most":[226],"sentences":[227],"phrases":[229],"can":[230,340],"uttered":[232],"several":[234,358,365],"different":[235],"intonation":[236,283,295,333],"contours,":[237],"according":[238],"speaker's":[241],"momentary":[242],"feeling":[243],"about":[244],"subject":[246],"matter.":[247],"Kenneth":[248],"Pike":[249],"(1945:":[250],"22)":[251],"remarked":[253],"we":[278,306],"often":[256],"react":[257],"violently":[259],"intonational":[262],"meanings":[263],"than":[264,334],"lexical":[267],"ones;":[268],"if":[269],"man's":[271],"tone":[272],"voice":[274],"belies":[275],"his":[276,287],"words,":[277],"immediately":[279],"assume":[280],"faithfully":[285],"reflects":[286],"true":[288],"linguistic":[289],"intentions.":[290],"Thus,":[291],"when":[292],"characteristic":[294],"differ":[300],"from":[301],"those":[302],"white":[304,335,362],"may":[307],"expect":[308],"fairly":[310],"serious":[311],"miscommunication":[312],"between":[315],"blacks":[316,347],"whites.":[318],"For":[319],"example,":[320],"commonly":[323],"said":[324],"wider":[330],"range":[331],"whites":[339],"easily":[341],"misinterpret":[342],"excited":[344],"sound":[345],"conversation.":[349],"Newsweek":[350],"(21":[351],"Feb.":[352],"1972,":[353],"p.":[354],"79)":[355],"reports":[356],"years":[359],"ago":[360],"policeman":[363],"arrested":[364],"youths":[367],"on":[368],"street":[370],"Indianapolis":[372]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
