{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2014583280","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.2006.01750.x","title":"Pregnancy in women with Type 2 diabetes: who takes metformin and what is the outcome?","display_name":"Pregnancy in women with Type 2 diabetes: who takes metformin and what is the outcome?","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-02-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2014583280","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.2006.01750.x","mag":"2014583280","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16492217"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2006.01750.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.2006.01750.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.2006.01750.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72944096","display_name":"Diabetic Medicine","issn_l":"0742-3071","issn":["0742-3071","1096-9136","1464-5491"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diabetic Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042153692","display_name":"Ruth C. E. Hughes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9181-7934","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9181-7934"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. C. E. Hughes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Auckland, New Zealand. jrowan@internet.co.nz","Department of Medicine and"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Auckland, New Zealand. jrowan@internet.co.nz","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine and","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027611382","display_name":"Janet Rowan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8406-3452","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8406-3452"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J. A. Rowan","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Women's Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Women's Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027611382"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4870,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4870},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.6002,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":100,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99080104,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"3","first_page":"318","last_page":"322"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10673","display_name":"Gestational Diabetes Research and Management","score":0.8217999935150146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2729","display_name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10673","display_name":"Gestational Diabetes Research and Management","score":0.8217999935150146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2729","display_name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11964","display_name":"Pregnancy and Medication Impact","score":0.17579999566078186,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10290","display_name":"Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2729","display_name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-2-diabetes","display_name":"type 2 diabetes","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pregnancy","display_name":"pregnancy","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metformin","display_name":"metformin","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preeclampsia","display_name":"preeclampsia","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perinatal-loss","display_name":"perinatal loss","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neonatal-morbidity","display_name":"neonatal morbidity","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preterm-birth","display_name":"preterm birth","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hba1c","display_name":"HbA1c","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/body-mass-index","display_name":"body mass index","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-hypertension","display_name":"chronic hypertension","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-in-pregnancy","display_name":"diabetes in pregnancy","score":0.5270000100135803}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9679850935935974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780323712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19484","display_name":"Metformin","level":3,"score":0.8773939609527588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995","display_name":"Pregnancy","level":2,"score":0.7396593689918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777218350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61335","display_name":"Preeclampsia","level":3,"score":0.653171181678772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131872663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5284418","display_name":"Obstetrics","level":1,"score":0.5661386847496033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780221984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131191","display_name":"Body mass index","level":2,"score":0.5320107936859131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777180221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.5146199464797974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.48291465640068054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141983124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188008","display_name":"Respiratory distress","level":2,"score":0.4225974977016449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29456083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1221899","display_name":"Gynecology","level":1,"score":0.34769588708877563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.32458528876304626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.18637850880622864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.10706523060798645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002908","descriptor_name":"Chronic Disease","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003924","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003924","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006442","descriptor_name":"Glycated Hemoglobin","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006973","descriptor_name":"Hypertension","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007004","descriptor_name":"Hypoglycemic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007231","descriptor_name":"Infant, Newborn","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007232","descriptor_name":"Infant, Newborn, Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008485","descriptor_name":"Medical Audit","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008687","descriptor_name":"Metformin","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009520","descriptor_name":"New Zealand","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011225","descriptor_name":"Pre-Eclampsia","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011247","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011249","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011254","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy in Diabetics","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011254","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy in Diabetics","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011256","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy Outcome","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015992","descriptor_name":"Body Mass Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D036861","descriptor_name":"Delivery, Obstetric","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D046689","descriptor_name":"Fetal Mortality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2006.01750.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.2006.01750.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.2006.01750.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72944096","display_name":"Diabetic Medicine","issn_l":"0742-3071","issn":["0742-3071","1096-9136","1464-5491"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diabetic Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:16492217","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16492217","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W14695486","https://openalex.org/W64823791","https://openalex.org/W312596075","https://openalex.org/W1848890486","https://openalex.org/W1964863515","https://openalex.org/W1973014354","https://openalex.org/W1973870482","https://openalex.org/W1974630969","https://openalex.org/W1989742048","https://openalex.org/W1995477923","https://openalex.org/W1998858155","https://openalex.org/W2010241090","https://openalex.org/W2019121716","https://openalex.org/W2028079896","https://openalex.org/W2035116600","https://openalex.org/W2036423929","https://openalex.org/W2045838083","https://openalex.org/W2046503553","https://openalex.org/W2051770308","https://openalex.org/W2053105549","https://openalex.org/W2085941909","https://openalex.org/W2086657052","https://openalex.org/W2091132885","https://openalex.org/W2097617267","https://openalex.org/W2101835986","https://openalex.org/W2102915928","https://openalex.org/W2104732966","https://openalex.org/W2110651221","https://openalex.org/W2114688343","https://openalex.org/W2124760769","https://openalex.org/W2134261687","https://openalex.org/W2141089991","https://openalex.org/W2141428775","https://openalex.org/W2143739104","https://openalex.org/W2150312049","https://openalex.org/W2158189849","https://openalex.org/W2169777843","https://openalex.org/W2320859418","https://openalex.org/W2411376349"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3083757211","https://openalex.org/W6920771124","https://openalex.org/W3085210273","https://openalex.org/W4400912212","https://openalex.org/W4313637620","https://openalex.org/W2005222145","https://openalex.org/W2476878477","https://openalex.org/W3085920611","https://openalex.org/W2904908778","https://openalex.org/W4401830983"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"AIMS:":[0],"To":[1],"review":[2,29],"pregnancy":[3,227],"outcomes":[4,233],"in":[5,33,59,66,94,147,232,253],"women":[6,15,34,93,211,238],"with":[7,17,21,35,200,212,219,237],"Type":[8,36,213],"2":[9,12,37,214],"diabetes":[10],"(Type":[11],"DM),":[13],"comparing":[14],"treated":[16,20,218],"those":[18],"not":[19,239],"metformin.":[22,241],"METHODS:":[23],"Data":[24],"were":[25,54,80,217,234],"collected":[26],"by":[27,260],"case-note":[28],"for":[30,225],"all":[31],"pregnancies":[32,53,61,71],"DM":[38,215],"over":[39],"a":[40],"6-year":[41],"period":[42],"(1998-2003)":[43],"at":[44],"the":[45,68,73,95,148,181],"National":[46],"Women's":[47],"Hospital.":[48],"Two":[49],"hundred":[50],"and":[51,62,84,121,143,198],"fourteen":[52],"included,":[55],"metformin":[56,96,142,220,251],"was":[57,138],"taken":[58],"93":[60],"continued":[63],"until":[64],"delivery":[65],"32;":[67],"remaining":[69],"121":[70],"comprised":[72],"control":[74,144],"group.":[75],"The":[76],"principal":[77],"outcome":[78],"measures":[79],"preeclampsia,":[81],"perinatal":[82,158],"loss":[83,159],"neonatal":[85,167,182],"morbidity.":[86],"RESULTS:":[87],"Baseline":[88],"characteristics":[89],"differed":[90],"between":[91,141],"groups:":[92],"group":[97],"had":[98,221],"greater":[99],"mean":[100,123],"(SD)":[101,124],"body":[102],"mass":[103],"index":[104],"[35.5(7.6)":[105],"vs.":[106,116,132,153,161,174,185,193,204],"33.5(6.6)":[107],"kg/m2,":[108],"P":[109,118,134,155,163,176,187,195,206],"<":[110,119,135],"0.05],":[111],"more":[112,222],"chronic":[113],"hypertension":[114],"(19%":[115],"7%,":[117],"0.05)":[120],"higher":[122],"first":[125],"trimester":[126],"glycated":[127],"haemoglobin":[128],"(HbA1c)":[129],"levels":[130],"[8.3(1.9)%":[131],"7.5(1.7)%,":[133],"0.005].":[136],"There":[137],"no":[139,230],"difference":[140],"groups,":[145],"respectively,":[146],"rate":[149,170],"of":[150,171,250],"preeclampsia":[151],"(13%":[152],"14%,":[154],"=":[156,164,177,188,196,207],"0.84),":[157],"(3%":[160],"2%,":[162],"0.65)":[165],"or":[166],"morbidity,":[168],"including":[169],"prematurity":[172],"(23%":[173],"22%,":[175],"0.7),":[178],"admission":[179],"to":[180,246],"unit":[183],"(40%":[184],"48%,":[186],"0.27),":[189],"respiratory":[190],"distress":[191],"(9%":[192],"18%,":[194],"0.07)":[197],"treatment":[199,252],"intravenous":[201],"dextrose":[202],"(20%":[203],"31%,":[205],"0.08).":[208],"CONCLUSIONS:":[209],"Pregnant":[210],"who":[216],"risk":[223],"factors":[224],"adverse":[226],"outcomes,":[228],"but":[229],"differences":[231],"seen":[235],"compared":[236],"taking":[240],"We":[242],"need":[243],"randomized":[244],"trials":[245],"address":[247],"potential":[248],"benefits":[249],"this":[254],"population":[255],"that":[256],"may":[257],"be":[258],"masked":[259],"current":[261],"practice.":[262]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}