{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2014563853","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2011.06.024","title":"Characterization of asymmetry in microporous membranes by cross-sectional confocal laser scanning microscopy","display_name":"Characterization of asymmetry in microporous membranes by cross-sectional confocal laser scanning microscopy","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-06-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2014563853","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2011.06.024","mag":"2014563853"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2011.06.024","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2011.06.024","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2011.06.024","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S119469986","display_name":"Journal of Membrane Science","issn_l":"0376-7388","issn":["0376-7388","1873-3123"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Membrane Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063407450","display_name":"Milagro Marroquin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8078737","display_name":"Clemson University","ror":"https://ror.org/037s24f05","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Milagro Marroquin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Center for Advanced Engineering Fibers and Films, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Center for Advanced Engineering Fibers and Films, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033701719","display_name":"Terri F. Bruce","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7672-4289","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7672-4289"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8078737","display_name":"Clemson University","ror":"https://ror.org/037s24f05","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Terri Bruce","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089071834","display_name":"John Pellegrino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7749-5003","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7749-5003"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Pellegrino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027988292","display_name":"Sumith Ranil Wickramasinghe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7436-0517","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7436-0517"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78715868","display_name":"University of Arkansas at Fayetteville","ror":"https://ror.org/05jbt9m15","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78715868"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Ranil Wickramasinghe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ralph E. Martin Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ralph E. Martin Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78715868"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040559768","display_name":"Scott M. Husson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8830-8530","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8830-8530"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8078737","display_name":"Clemson University","ror":"https://ror.org/037s24f05","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Scott M. Husson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Center for Advanced Engineering Fibers and Films, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Center for Advanced Engineering Fibers and Films, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040559768"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"],"apc_list":{"value":4890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4890},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4802,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87563561,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"379","issue":"1-2","first_page":"504","last_page":"515"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10197","display_name":"Membrane Separation Technologies","score":0.9330999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10197","display_name":"Membrane Separation Technologies","score":0.9330999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11362","display_name":"Membrane Separation and Gas Transport","score":0.01119999960064888,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10540","display_name":"Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques","score":0.009800000116229057,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microporous-membranes","display_name":"microporous membranes","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/membrane-asymmetry","display_name":"membrane asymmetry","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/membrane-morphology","display_name":"membrane morphology","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-sectional-imaging","display_name":"cross-sectional imaging","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confocal-laser-scanning-microscopy","display_name":"confocal laser scanning microscopy","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-sectioning","display_name":"optical sectioning","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryosectioning","display_name":"cryosectioning","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/porosity","display_name":"porosity","score":0.5249999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pore-size","display_name":"pore size","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depth-resolved-imaging","display_name":"depth-resolved imaging","score":0.5950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample-preparation-artifacts","display_name":"sample preparation artifacts","score":0.6600000262260437}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41625074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176088","display_name":"Membrane","level":2,"score":0.8379179239273071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6791462898254395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20446124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7098895","display_name":"Optical sectioning","level":3,"score":0.5941306948661804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26771246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321095","display_name":"Scanning electron microscope","level":2,"score":0.5735813975334167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187921700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7430074","display_name":"Scanning confocal electron microscopy","level":3,"score":0.568825900554657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778576202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2540164","display_name":"Sample preparation","level":2,"score":0.5356845855712891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136009344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336201","display_name":"Confocal","level":2,"score":0.5290001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147080431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074953","display_name":"Microscopy","level":2,"score":0.527839183807373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780841128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5073781","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.5017099380493164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88412794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902045","display_name":"Confocal laser scanning microscopy","level":2,"score":0.5001037120819092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86381522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2752988","display_name":"Microporous material","level":2,"score":0.48394113779067993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193493375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1306232","display_name":"Penetration depth","level":2,"score":0.4408712387084961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16777580","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7430068","display_name":"Scanning ion-conductance microscopy","level":4,"score":0.44019076228141785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6648577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622669","display_name":"Porosity","level":2,"score":0.4376613199710846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80107235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162625","display_name":"Penetration (warfare)","level":2,"score":0.4251154661178589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138268822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1051925","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","level":2,"score":0.419445663690567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779178360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902045","display_name":"Confocal microscopy","level":2,"score":0.41510167717933655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3295663893222809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.3007572293281555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.28727221488952637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.2620750069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.19434824585914612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.12903079390525818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2011.06.024","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2011.06.024","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2011.06.024","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S119469986","display_name":"Journal of Membrane Science","issn_l":"0376-7388","issn":["0376-7388","1873-3123"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Membrane Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309106","display_name":"Clemson University","ror":"https://ror.org/037s24f05"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332167","display_name":"Directorate for Biological Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/001xhss06"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4686226","https://openalex.org/W383205146","https://openalex.org/W1487375396","https://openalex.org/W1547714734","https://openalex.org/W1553932605","https://openalex.org/W1601798363","https://openalex.org/W1606975248","https://openalex.org/W1943394565","https://openalex.org/W1985190795","https://openalex.org/W1989251108","https://openalex.org/W1999325780","https://openalex.org/W2007418033","https://openalex.org/W2012062554","https://openalex.org/W2021966765","https://openalex.org/W2034914828","https://openalex.org/W2048260590","https://openalex.org/W2052935847","https://openalex.org/W2077697332","https://openalex.org/W2082568784","https://openalex.org/W2086915865","https://openalex.org/W2119536819","https://openalex.org/W2124671126","https://openalex.org/W4231241080","https://openalex.org/W4300721728"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2040001144","https://openalex.org/W6903339240","https://openalex.org/W2050280648","https://openalex.org/W1985190795","https://openalex.org/W2012062554","https://openalex.org/W4292086521","https://openalex.org/W213641274","https://openalex.org/W1989251108","https://openalex.org/W1968218967","https://openalex.org/W4392207039"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}