{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2014553340","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.ep10770940","title":"Eye Movements in Reading: Recent Developments","display_name":"Eye Movements in Reading: Recent Developments","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2014553340","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.ep10770940","mag":"2014553340"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/1467-8721.ep10770940","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.ep10770940","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.ep10770940","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S114020440","display_name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","issn_l":"0963-7214","issn":["0963-7214","1467-8721"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109805624","display_name":"Keith Rayner","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802841742","display_name":"University of Massachusetts System","ror":"https://ror.org/0260j1g46","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802841742"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Keith Rayner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Distinguished University Professor of Psychology at the University of Massachusetts"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Distinguished University Professor of Psychology at the University of Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802841742"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109805624"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802841742"],"apc_list":{"value":3900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3900},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.1266,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94021053,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"3","first_page":"81","last_page":"86"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.004999999888241291,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-movements-during-reading","display_name":"eye movements during reading","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/saccades","display_name":"saccades","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fixation","display_name":"fixation","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression-analysis","display_name":"regression analysis","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/saccade-length","display_name":"saccade length","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fixation-duration","display_name":"fixation duration","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-acuity","display_name":"visual acuity","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fovea","display_name":"fovea","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parafovea","display_name":"parafovea","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/text-complexity","display_name":"text complexity","score":0.6200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/print-size","display_name":"print size","score":0.5960000157356262}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30181142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865103","display_name":"Foveal","level":3,"score":0.9636427164077759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153050134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q760256","display_name":"Eye movement","level":2,"score":0.7982653975486755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146249460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2914991","display_name":"Fixation (population genetics)","level":3,"score":0.7783968448638916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48217996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1316935","display_name":"Microsaccade","level":4,"score":0.6900143027305603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779524336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369503","display_name":"Saccade","level":3,"score":0.626242458820343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185761835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1431287","display_name":"Peripheral vision","level":2,"score":0.6210510730743408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5674822926521301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.5141842365264893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119767625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618211","display_name":"Optometry","level":1,"score":0.46723514795303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3141138553619385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.23964932560920715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11054436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7396580","display_name":"Saccadic masking","level":3,"score":0.18069791793823242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.15897855162620544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.1040802001953125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.09721454977989197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0842733085155487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780827179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422001","display_name":"Retinal","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/1467-8721.ep10770940","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.ep10770940","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.ep10770940","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S114020440","display_name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","issn_l":"0963-7214","issn":["0963-7214","1467-8721"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965778851","https://openalex.org/W1995938836","https://openalex.org/W2010764356","https://openalex.org/W2024821364","https://openalex.org/W2047731577","https://openalex.org/W2047965522","https://openalex.org/W2064020114","https://openalex.org/W2077536052","https://openalex.org/W2085498981","https://openalex.org/W2088798400","https://openalex.org/W2113573156"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W44383849","https://openalex.org/W3124885426","https://openalex.org/W4238449088","https://openalex.org/W124311513","https://openalex.org/W3012582214","https://openalex.org/W7015901960","https://openalex.org/W7099757245","https://openalex.org/W2980476542","https://openalex.org/W1987950896","https://openalex.org/W1537028493"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"When":[0],"we":[1,21,185,334,348],"read,":[2],"our":[3,15,149,336],"eyes":[4,39,290,337],"do":[5],"not":[6,156,219,232,257],"move":[7,196,335],"smoothly":[8],"across":[9,437],"the":[10,38,56,66,84,94,109,112,116,132,137,140,161,176,183,222,225,275,280,289,298,332,340,377,390,399,417,457,477,490,518,526,534,537,554,573,577,603,611,614],"page":[11],"of":[12,25,35,52,62,68,86,90,98,123,129,166,182,224,270,274,279,311,320,331,419,473,511,544,576,602,617],"text":[13,63,113,184,299,341,360],"as":[14,30,227,229,359,441],"phenomenological":[16],"im":[17],"pressions":[18],"imply.":[19],"Rather,":[20],"make":[22],"a":[23,309,312,404,447,470,482,542],"series":[24],"eye":[26,167,195,247,321,549,563,578,586],"movements":[27,45,168,248,322,564,579],"(referred":[28],"to":[29,93,107,121,151,174,187,212,242,262,268,329,343,356,465,497,525,552,571,584,589],"saccades)":[31],"separated":[32],"by":[33,221],"periods":[34],"time":[36],"when":[37,244],"are":[40,46,291,382],"relatively":[41],"still":[42],"(fixations).":[43],"Eye":[44],"nec":[47],"essary":[48],"during":[49,198,249,300,323,565,597,623],"reading":[50,170,199,324,555,566],"because":[51],"acuity":[53,143],"limitations":[54],"in":[55,111,160,169,284,339,389,520,546,562,605],"visual":[57,91,124,258,271],"sys":[58],"tem.":[59],"A":[60,508],"line":[61,138],"extending":[64],"around":[65],"point":[67],"fixation":[69,305,363,401,451],"can":[70],"be":[71,408,415,454,460,486,493],"divided":[72],"into":[73],"three":[74,261],"regions:":[75],"foveal,":[76],"parafoveal,":[77],"and":[78,96,131,256,371,384,394,431,582,594],"peripheral.":[79],"The":[80,164,191,206,238,303,316,426],"foveal":[81,177],"region":[82,118,134,178],"is":[83,103,155,171,209,218,231,252,266,286,307,325,353,386,444,523,620],"center":[85],"vision":[87],"(extending":[88,119],"1?":[89,269],"angle":[92,125],"left":[95],"right":[97],"fixation),":[99],"where":[100],"acu":[101],"ity":[102],"sharpest,":[104],"enabling":[105],"us":[106,547],"resolve":[108],"letters":[110,154],"easily.":[114],"In":[115],"parafoveal":[117,141],"out":[120],"5?":[122],"on":[126,136,179,416,610,621],"either":[127],"side":[128],"fixation)":[130],"peripheral":[133],"(everything":[135],"beyond":[139],"region),":[142],"drops":[144],"off":[145],"markedly":[146],"so":[147],"that":[148,180,326,347,358,517],"ability":[150],"iden":[152],"tify":[153],"very":[157],"good":[158],"even":[159],"near":[162],"parafovea.":[163],"purpose":[165],"there":[172,385,539],"fore":[173],"place":[175],"part":[181],"wish":[186],"pro":[188],"cess":[189],"next.":[190],"basic":[192],"facts":[193],"about":[194,210,308,327,592],"ments":[197],"have":[200,349,558],"been":[201,541,560],"known":[202],"for":[203,403,411,481,567],"some":[204],"time.":[205],"typical":[207],"saccade":[208,367,479],"eight":[211],"nine":[213],"letter":[214,254,264,488,496],"spaces;":[215],"this":[216,618],"value":[217],"affected":[220],"size":[223],"print":[226],"long":[228,502],"it":[230,413],"too":[233,236],"small":[234],"or":[235,423,528],"large.":[237],"ap":[239],"propriate":[240],"metric":[241],"use":[243,585],"dis":[245],"cussing":[246],"read":[250,598],"ing":[251,548],"therefore":[253],"spaces,":[255,489],"angle;":[259],"generally,":[260],"four":[263],"spaces":[265],"equivalent":[267],"angle.":[272],"Because":[273,600],"high":[276],"ve":[277],"locity":[278],"saccade,":[281],"no":[282],"useful":[283],"formation":[285],"acquired":[287],"while":[288],"moving;":[292],"readers":[293],"acquire":[294],"infor":[295],"mation":[296],"from":[297,461,494],"fixa":[301],"tions.":[302],"average":[304,400,427,478],"duration":[306,402,452],"quarter":[310],"second":[313],"(250":[314],"ms).":[315],"other":[317],"primary":[318],"characteristic":[319],"10%":[328],"15%":[330],"time,":[333],"back":[338],"(regressions)":[342],"look":[344],"at":[345],"material":[346],"already":[350],"read.":[351],"It":[352],"also":[354,435],"important":[355],"note":[357],"difficulty":[361],"increases,":[362,366],"du":[364],"ration":[365],"length":[368,430,480],"de":[369],"creases,":[370],"regression":[372,432],"frequency":[373],"increases.":[374],"More":[375],"important,":[376],"val":[378],"ues":[379],"just":[380],"presented":[381],"averages,":[383],"considerable":[387],"variability":[388,443,519],"measures,":[391],"both":[392],"between":[393],"within":[395,469],"readers.":[396,438],"Thus,":[397],"although":[398,446,476],"given":[405,483],"reader":[406,484],"might":[407,453,485],"250":[409,455],"ms,":[410,456],"others":[412],"could":[414,459,492],"order":[418],"200,":[420],"235,":[421],"280,":[422],"300":[424],"ms.":[425],"sac":[428],"cade":[429],"fre":[433],"quency":[434],"vary":[436],"As":[439],"far":[440],"within-subject":[442],"concerned,":[445],"reader's":[448],"av":[449],"erage":[450],"range":[458,491],"under":[462],"100":[463],"ms":[464,468],"over":[466,498],"500":[467],"pas":[471],"sage":[472],"text.":[474,535],"Likewise,":[475],"8":[487],"1":[495],"15":[499],"(though":[500],"such":[501],"saccades":[503],"typi":[504],"cally":[505],"follow":[506],"regressions).":[507],"great":[509],"deal":[510],"recent":[512],"research":[513],"has":[514,540,608],"docu":[515],"mented":[516],"these":[521],"measures":[522],"related":[524],"ease":[527],"dif":[529],"ficulty":[530],"associated":[531],"with":[532],"processing":[533,622],"Since":[536],"mid-1970s,":[538],"resurgence":[543],"interest":[545],"movement":[550,587],"data":[551,588],"study":[553],"process.1":[556],"Researchers":[557],"typically":[559],"interested":[561],"two":[568],"reasons:":[569],"(1)":[570],"describe":[572],"charac":[574],"teristics":[575],"per":[580],"se":[581],"(2)":[583],"infer":[590],"something":[591],"perceptual":[593],"cognitive":[595],"processes":[596],"ing.":[599],"most":[601],"work":[604],"my":[606],"laboratory":[607],"focused":[609],"latter":[612],"issue,":[613],"major":[615],"focus":[616],"article":[619],"reading.":[624]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}