{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2014543370","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02291170","title":"A Reliability Coefficient for Maximum Likelihood Factor Analysis","display_name":"A Reliability Coefficient for Maximum Likelihood Factor Analysis","publication_year":1973,"publication_date":"1973-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2014543370","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02291170","mag":"2014543370"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf02291170","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02291170","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02291170","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186480540","display_name":"Psychometrika","issn_l":"0033-3123","issn":["0033-3123","1860-0980"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychometrika","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110170529","display_name":"Ledyard R Tucker","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801919071","display_name":"University of Illinois System","ror":"https://ror.org/05e94g991","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801919071"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ledyard R Tucker","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois","Univ. of Illinois, USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225","https://openalex.org/I2801919071"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Illinois, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020042703","display_name":"Charles Lewis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7581-846X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7581-846X","https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5431-0029"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801919071","display_name":"University of Illinois System","ror":"https://ror.org/05e94g991","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801919071"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles Lewis","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois","Univ. of Illinois, USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225","https://openalex.org/I2801919071"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Illinois, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3550},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.1259,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7375,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92911119,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"38","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13309","display_name":"Reliability and Agreement in Measurement","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13141","display_name":"Statistical Methods and Applications","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-coefficients","display_name":"reliability coefficients","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-likelihood-factor-analysis","display_name":"maximum likelihood factor analysis","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/factor-models","display_name":"factor models","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/likelihood-ratio-test","display_name":"likelihood ratio test","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-battery","display_name":"test battery","score":0.35100001096725464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.7336479425430298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89128539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1949963","display_name":"Statistic","level":2,"score":0.6423853635787964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9483764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q585740","display_name":"Likelihood-ratio test","level":2,"score":0.6249509453773499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5910399556159973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5533238053321838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49781872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1045555","display_name":"Maximum likelihood","level":2,"score":0.5531001091003418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5505382418632507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61420037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7316301","display_name":"Restricted maximum likelihood","level":3,"score":0.5277144312858582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781039887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1391724","display_name":"Factor (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.499478816986084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189559763","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13200161","display_name":"Likelihood principle","level":5,"score":0.4743208587169647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10879293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q726474","display_name":"Factor analysis","level":2,"score":0.4206458628177643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4149720072746277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191462741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795902","display_name":"Maximum likelihood sequence estimation","level":3,"score":0.4115951359272003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89106044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45284","display_name":"Likelihood function","level":3,"score":0.3455933928489685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.33878135681152344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26359558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7269462","display_name":"Quasi-maximum likelihood","level":4,"score":0.22750887274742126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.20168820023536682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.07187551259994507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf02291170","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02291170","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02291170","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186480540","display_name":"Psychometrika","issn_l":"0033-3123","issn":["0033-3123","1860-0980"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychometrika","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:spr:psycho:v:38:y:1973:i:1:p:1-10","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10.1007/BF02291170","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W575082336","https://openalex.org/W1590545576","https://openalex.org/W1964946074","https://openalex.org/W1966986288","https://openalex.org/W1969502977","https://openalex.org/W1989977036","https://openalex.org/W1991186478","https://openalex.org/W2056652200","https://openalex.org/W2062956315","https://openalex.org/W2066306397","https://openalex.org/W2073059124","https://openalex.org/W2087962626","https://openalex.org/W2088034233","https://openalex.org/W2095917182","https://openalex.org/W2110818662","https://openalex.org/W2335487254","https://openalex.org/W2462634734","https://openalex.org/W4212869706","https://openalex.org/W4246753709"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2102701235","https://openalex.org/W4285128998","https://openalex.org/W7096192337","https://openalex.org/W7220757317","https://openalex.org/W2145366994","https://openalex.org/W2055516156","https://openalex.org/W3003002793","https://openalex.org/W2316088490","https://openalex.org/W4397008179","https://openalex.org/W1604186753"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Maximum":[0],"likelihood":[1,20,49,62],"factor":[2,11,27,50,71,110],"analysis":[3],"provides":[4],"an":[5,68],"effective":[6],"method":[7],"for":[8,22,53,82],"estimation":[9],"of":[10,24,37,39,57],"matrices":[12],"and":[13,97],"a":[14,44,47,54,83,90,99],"useful":[15],"test":[16],"statistic":[17,64],"in":[18,43,94],"the":[19,61,77,80,109],"ratio":[21,63],"rejection":[23],"overly":[25],"simple":[26],"models.":[28],"A":[29],"reliability":[30,86],"coefficient":[31,87],"is":[32],"proposed":[33],"to":[34,103,105],"indicate":[35,66,89],"quality":[36],"representation":[38,93],"interrelations":[40,78],"among":[41,79],"attributes":[42,81],"battery":[45],"by":[46],"maximum":[48],"analysis.":[51],"Usually,":[52],"large":[55],"sample":[56],"individuals":[58],"or":[59,107],"objects,":[60],"could":[65,88],"that":[67],"otherwise":[69],"acceptable":[70],"model":[72],"does":[73],"not":[74],"exactly":[75],"represent":[76],"population.":[84],"The":[85],"very":[91],"close":[92],"this":[95],"case":[96],"be":[98],"better":[100],"indication":[101],"as":[102],"whether":[104],"accept":[106],"reject":[108],"solution.":[111]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":307},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":423},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":420},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":357},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":380},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":437},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":330},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":351},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":331},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":299},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":327},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":323},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":310},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":303},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":249}],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}