{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2014386802","doi":null,"title":"Judicial decisionmaking in the age of biotechnology.","display_name":"Judicial decisionmaking in the age of biotechnology.","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2014386802","mag":"2014386802","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15584150"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:15584150","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15584150","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Notre Dame journal of law, ethics & public policy","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://scholarship.law.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1274&context=scholar","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112763106","display_name":"George P. Smith","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84470341","display_name":"Catholic University of America","ror":"https://ror.org/047yk3s18","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84470341"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"G P Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, USA","Catholic University of America (CUA) Columbus School of Law"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84470341"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Catholic University of America (CUA) Columbus School of Law","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84470341"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112763106"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84470341"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3837,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65689423,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"1","first_page":"93","last_page":"120"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13275","display_name":"Medical and Health Sciences Research","score":0.82669997215271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13275","display_name":"Medical and Health Sciences Research","score":0.82669997215271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13417","display_name":"Biomedical Ethics and Regulation","score":0.025800000876188278,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11662","display_name":"Legal Cases and Commentary","score":0.01860000006854534,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2743","display_name":"Reproductive Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/judicial-decision-making","display_name":"judicial decision-making","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biotechnology-law","display_name":"biotechnology law","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bioethics","display_name":"bioethics","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/judicial-activism","display_name":"judicial activism","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/science-and-law","display_name":"science and law","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legal-interpretation","display_name":"legal interpretation","score":0.5889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/federal-courts","display_name":"federal courts","score":0.6650000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/science-and-medicine","display_name":"science and medicine","score":0.4180000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legal-predictability","display_name":"legal predictability","score":0.4699999988079071}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778023277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321703","display_name":"Premise","level":2,"score":0.5180302262306213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.499035120010376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.4733177125453949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521332185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185816","display_name":"Analogy","level":2,"score":0.44166430830955505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781287902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4175034","display_name":"Legislator","level":3,"score":0.42291679978370667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.38351142406463623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.33116012811660767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777351106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49371","display_name":"Legislation","level":2,"score":0.2252117097377777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.16679278016090393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.1175660490989685}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001675","descriptor_name":"Bioethics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001709","descriptor_name":"Biotechnology","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003709","descriptor_name":"Democracy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005104","descriptor_name":"Expert Testimony","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007603","descriptor_name":"Jurisprudence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009014","descriptor_name":"Morals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011640","descriptor_name":"Public Policy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012070","descriptor_name":"Religion and Science","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012586","descriptor_name":"Science","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018907","descriptor_name":"Privacy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D026688","descriptor_name":"Bioethical Issues","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D026822","descriptor_name":"Ethicists","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D033222","descriptor_name":"Judicial Role","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:15584150","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15584150","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Notre Dame journal of law, ethics & public policy","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarship.law.edu:scholar-1274","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarship.law.edu/scholar/293","pdf_url":"https://scholarship.law.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1274&context=scholar","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196759","display_name":"Scholarship at Catholic Law (Catholic University of America)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I84470341","host_organization_name":"Catholic University of America","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84470341"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scholarly Articles","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarship.law.nd.edu:ndjlepp-1359","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarship.law.nd.edu/ndjlepp/vol13/iss1/6","pdf_url":"https://scholarship.law.nd.edu/ndjlepp/vol13/iss1/6","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57128295","display_name":"Journal of legislation","issn_l":"0146-9584","issn":["0146-9584"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316639","host_organization_name":"Notre Dame Law School","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316639","https://openalex.org/P4310316167"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Notre Dame Law School","University of Notre Dame"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Notre Dame Journal of Law, Ethics & Public Policy","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.library.georgetown.edu:10822/534460","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10822/534460","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402467","display_name":"DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210145449","host_organization_name":"Center for Security and Emerging Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"196878","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:3121557304","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15584150","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarship.law.edu:scholar-1274","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarship.law.edu/scholar/293","pdf_url":"https://scholarship.law.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1274&context=scholar","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196759","display_name":"Scholarship at Catholic Law (Catholic University of America)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I84470341","host_organization_name":"Catholic University of America","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84470341"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scholarly Articles","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.666700005531311,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2014386802.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2014386802.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4320155399","https://openalex.org/W7036351137","https://openalex.org/W2789669019","https://openalex.org/W2417867413","https://openalex.org/W626280457","https://openalex.org/W992512233","https://openalex.org/W1965885101","https://openalex.org/W2263365318","https://openalex.org/W7064628859","https://openalex.org/W2103727217"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"major":[1,64],"premise,":[2,4],"minor":[3],"and":[5,12,29,40,48,86,90,96,103,156,160,187,224,239,267,297,311,320],"conclusion":[6],"of":[7,22,46,93,110,127,137,146,170,178,194,208,228,251,278,289,295,309],"this":[8,124,273],"Article":[9],"are":[10,50,190],"one":[11,151,161,254],"the":[13,23,26,34,43,63,68,75,94,101,104,111,118,144,166,171,195,206,218,222,226,241,286,292,329],"same":[14],"-":[15,140,148,253],"for,":[16],"they":[17],"conduce":[18],"to":[19,37,70,74,113,120,176,202,220,257,284,299,325],"an":[20],"acceptance":[21],"fact":[24],"that":[25,162,255],"social":[27,158],"constructs":[28],"legal":[30,274],"tools":[31],"necessary":[32],"for":[33,67,132,217,261,282,291],"modern":[35],"judiciary":[36],"meet":[38],"head-on":[39],"deal":[41],"with":[42,245],"contentious":[44],"issues":[45],"bioethics":[47],"biotechnology":[49,252],"already":[51],"in":[52,82,123,143],"place.":[53],"To":[54],"resolve":[55],"problems":[56],"arising":[57],"from":[58,205],"these":[59],"potential":[60],"quagmires,":[61],"perhaps":[62],"concern":[65],"is":[66,130,133,163,324],"courts":[69,219,242],"remain":[71,300],"forever":[72],"vigilant":[73],"interlinking":[76],"relationships":[77],"or":[78,184,200,276],"synergistic":[79],"forces":[80],"found":[81],"law,":[83,317],"science,":[84,318],"ethics,":[85,319],"medicine.":[87],"Without":[88],"vigilance":[89],"enhanced":[91],"awareness":[92],"dynamic":[95],"fluid":[97],"situation":[98],"here,":[99],"both":[100],"bench":[102],"bar":[105],"will":[106],"increasingly":[107],"lack":[108],"understanding":[109],"questions":[112],"be":[114,121,270,314,326],"asked,":[115],"let":[116],"alone":[117],"answers":[119],"given":[122],"New":[125],"Age":[126,294],"Science.":[128],"What":[129],"called":[131],"a":[134,247,259,301,306],"modified":[135],"form":[136],"judicial":[138],"activism":[139],"not":[141,191],"grounded":[142],"heresy":[145],"deconstruction":[147],"but":[149],"rather":[150],"shaped":[152],"by":[153,165,234,316],"reason,":[154,235],"understanding,":[155],"contemporary":[157],"policy":[159],"calibrated":[164],"scientific":[167],"gatekeeping":[168],"role":[169],"federal":[172],"courts.":[173],"When,":[174],"owing":[175],"exigencies":[177],"time,":[179],"laws":[180],"become":[181],"largely":[182],"impotent":[183],"even":[185],"moribund,":[186],"new":[188,248,293],"ones":[189],"enacted":[192],"because":[193],"legislator's":[196],"lethargic":[197],"passivity,":[198],"ignorance,":[199],"failure":[201],"release":[203],"themselves":[204],"vortex":[207],"emotionalism":[209],"which":[210,265],"enmeshes":[211],"certain":[212],"issues,":[213],"then":[214],"it":[215,280],"remains":[216,281],"seize":[221],"initiative":[223],"fill":[225],"void":[227],"indecisiveness.":[229],"Through":[230],"interpretative":[231],"policies":[232],"guided":[233],"common":[236,249],"sense,":[237],"equity,":[238],"analogy,":[240],"can":[243,269],"chart":[244],"confidence":[246],"law":[250,298],"begins":[256],"build":[258],"framework":[260],"principled":[262],"decisionmaking":[263],"upon":[264],"stability":[266],"predictability":[268],"assured.":[271],"Absent":[272],"mechanism":[275],"process":[277],"decisionmaking,":[279],"science":[283],"direct":[285],"future":[287],"course":[288],"development":[290],"Biotechnology":[296],"reactive":[302],"force.":[303],"Ideally,":[304],"however,":[305],"full":[307],"partnership":[308],"interest":[310],"action":[312],"should":[313],"sought":[315],"medicine":[321],"if":[322],"progress":[323],"achieved":[327],"over":[328],"succeeding":[330],"years.":[331]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
