{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2014210799","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672022811010","title":"Sandbagging in Competition: Responding to the Pressure of Being the Favorite","display_name":"Sandbagging in Competition: Responding to the Pressure of Being the Favorite","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2014210799","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672022811010","mag":"2014210799"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/01461672022811010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672022811010","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672022811010","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S187348256","display_name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","issn_l":"0146-1672","issn":["0146-1672","1552-7433"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090558843","display_name":"Bryan D. Gibson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1629065","display_name":"Central Michigan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xawj266","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1629065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bryan Gibson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Central Michigan University,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Central Michigan University,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1629065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111578204","display_name":"Daniel A. Sachau","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152014189","display_name":"Minnesota State University, Mankato","ror":"https://ror.org/04att9732","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152014189","https://openalex.org/I91221267"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Sachau","raw_affiliation_strings":["Minnesota State University, Mankato"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Minnesota State University, Mankato","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152014189"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Bruce Doll","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152014189","display_name":"Minnesota State University, Mankato","ror":"https://ror.org/04att9732","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152014189","https://openalex.org/I91221267"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruce Doll","raw_affiliation_strings":["Minnesota State University, Mankato"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Minnesota State University, Mankato","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152014189"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000050233","display_name":"Roberta Shumate","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1629065","display_name":"Central Michigan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xawj266","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1629065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roberta Shumate","raw_affiliation_strings":["Central Michigan University","Central Michigan Univ.#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Central Michigan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1629065"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Central Michigan Univ.#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1629065"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090558843"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1629065"],"apc_list":{"value":3900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3900},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6641,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78515402,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"8","first_page":"1119","last_page":"1130"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10813","display_name":"Sport Psychology and Performance","score":0.9560999870300293,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10813","display_name":"Sport Psychology and Performance","score":0.9560999870300293,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11674","display_name":"Sports Analytics and Performance","score":0.011599999852478504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12258","display_name":"Perfectionism, Procrastination, Anxiety Studies","score":0.0035000001080334187,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sandbagging","display_name":"sandbagging","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/performance-pressure","display_name":"performance pressure","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/choking","display_name":"choking","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-handicapping","display_name":"self-handicapping","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competition","display_name":"competition","score":0.5730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/performance-anxiety","display_name":"performance anxiety","score":0.43799999356269836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.8443442583084106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779630263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19275831","display_name":"Choking","level":2,"score":0.7011452913284302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.698734700679779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127576917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q624630","display_name":"Competitor analysis","level":2,"score":0.6891730427742004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.5723299384117126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992130448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q784843","display_name":"Social pressure","level":2,"score":0.461078405380249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.20718619227409363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.08143752813339233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.06888541579246521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/01461672022811010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672022811010","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672022811010","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S187348256","display_name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","issn_l":"0146-1672","issn":["0146-1672","1552-7433"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cornerstone.lib.mnsu.edu:psyc_fac_pubs-1198","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://cornerstone.lib.mnsu.edu/psyc_fac_pubs/199","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196646","display_name":"Cornerstone (Minnesota State University, Mankato)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I152014189","host_organization_name":"Minnesota State University, Mankato","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152014189"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Psychology Department Publications","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W199252245","https://openalex.org/W1668196409","https://openalex.org/W1979349344","https://openalex.org/W1987641275","https://openalex.org/W1993939072","https://openalex.org/W1995592295","https://openalex.org/W2005863460","https://openalex.org/W2014224762","https://openalex.org/W2021380230","https://openalex.org/W2025275373","https://openalex.org/W2025552535","https://openalex.org/W2041290817","https://openalex.org/W2041664486","https://openalex.org/W2059590502","https://openalex.org/W2095543785","https://openalex.org/W2138218063","https://openalex.org/W2167161109","https://openalex.org/W2170891493","https://openalex.org/W2171272012","https://openalex.org/W2478263407","https://openalex.org/W2797247465","https://openalex.org/W2800604674","https://openalex.org/W3196207483","https://openalex.org/W4234863607"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2095543785","https://openalex.org/W4409968675","https://openalex.org/W7096908164","https://openalex.org/W2979384963","https://openalex.org/W2084049967","https://openalex.org/W2167161109","https://openalex.org/W7116959395","https://openalex.org/W4234863607","https://openalex.org/W7045480282","https://openalex.org/W2128644729"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Previous":[0],"research":[1,18],"suggests":[2],"that":[3,20,46,57,61,73,87,98],"high":[4,31,58,78,99],"sandbaggers":[5,32,59,79,100],"are":[6,49,80],"more":[7,35,54,81],"likely":[8,36,82],"to":[9,37,66,83,93,102],"sandbag":[10,38],"when":[11,39,74],"performance":[12,27,95],"pressure":[13,28,55,63,96,104],"is":[14,64],"high.":[15],"The":[16],"current":[17],"proposed":[19],"(a)":[21],"being":[22,52,88],"favored":[23,40,47,75,89],"in":[24,41,76,90],"competition":[25,91],"increases":[26],"and":[29,56,70,97,115],"(b)":[30],"will":[33],"be":[34],"competition.":[42],"Experiment":[43],"1":[44],"demonstrated":[45],"competitors":[48],"perceived":[50],"as":[51],"under":[53],"believe":[60],"this":[62,103],"related":[65],"choking.":[67],"Experiments":[68],"2":[69],"3":[71],"showed":[72],"competition,":[77],"sandbag.":[84],"Results":[85],"suggest":[86],"leads":[92],"additional":[94],"respond":[101],"by":[105],"sandbagging.":[106],"Data":[107],"also":[108],"further":[109],"demonstrate":[110],"the":[111],"distinction":[112],"between":[113],"sandbagging":[114],"self-handicapping.":[116]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}