{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2014174387","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2202/1538-0653.1396","title":"Do People Value Racial Diversity? Evidence from Nielsen Ratings","display_name":"Do People Value Racial Diversity? Evidence from Nielsen Ratings","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-01-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2014174387","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2202/1538-0653.1396","mag":"2014174387"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2202/1538-0653.1396","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2202/1538-0653.1396","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2202/1538-0653.1396","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S82313154","display_name":"Topics in Economic Analysis & Policy","issn_l":"1538-0653","issn":["1538-0653"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313990","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Topics in Economic Analysis &amp; Policy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10161/2643","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071534611","display_name":"Eric Mark Aldrich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6145-3519","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6145-3519"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185103710","display_name":"University of California, Santa Cruz","ror":"https://ror.org/03s65by71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eric M Aldrich","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California/Santa Cruz"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California/Santa Cruz","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060114340","display_name":"Peter S. Arcidiacono","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7392-9770","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7392-9770"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321305853","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04grmx538","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peter S. Arcidiacono","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)","Duke University - Department of Economics"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University - Department of Economics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008748040","display_name":"Jacob L. Vigdor","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321305853","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04grmx538","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jacob L Vigdor","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008748040","https://openalex.org/A5060114340","https://openalex.org/A5071534611"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853","https://openalex.org/I170897317","https://openalex.org/I185103710"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.24412148,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10942","display_name":"Sports, Gender, and Society","score":0.4636000096797943,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10942","display_name":"Sports, Gender, and Society","score":0.4636000096797943,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11674","display_name":"Sports Analytics and Performance","score":0.24819999933242798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12970","display_name":"Names, Identity, and Discrimination Research","score":0.12839999794960022,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-diversity","display_name":"racial diversity","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-attitudes","display_name":"racial attitudes","score":0.5450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nielsen-ratings","display_name":"Nielsen ratings","score":0.5709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monday-night-football","display_name":"Monday Night Football","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sports-broadcasting","display_name":"sports broadcasting","score":0.6169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/television-audiences","display_name":"television audiences","score":0.6510000228881836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76509639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918036","display_name":"Race (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6218430399894714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778444522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1081491","display_name":"Football","level":2,"score":0.5955479145050049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781316041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230584","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","level":2,"score":0.5314000844955444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780148112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432581","display_name":"Proxy (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5134321451187134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.4787684977054596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8868529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124794","display_name":"Taste","level":2,"score":0.47425734996795654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82307848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847520","display_name":"Audience measurement","level":2,"score":0.4724065661430359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4560437798500061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.44389820098876953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992902019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3254959","display_name":"Racial diversity","level":3,"score":0.4158511459827423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.2836812138557434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.24916329979896545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1492234468460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13162395358085632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.10374411940574646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.10118380188941956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2202/1538-0653.1396","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2202/1538-0653.1396","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2202/1538-0653.1396","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S82313154","display_name":"Topics in Economic Analysis & Policy","issn_l":"1538-0653","issn":["1538-0653"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313990","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Topics in Economic Analysis &amp; Policy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dukespace.lib.duke.edu:10161/2643","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10161/2643","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400687","display_name":"DukeSpace (Duke University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","host_organization_name":"Duke University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dukespace.lib.duke.edu:10161/2643","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10161/2643","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400687","display_name":"DukeSpace (Duke University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","host_organization_name":"Duke University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.6421999931335449}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W355099453","https://openalex.org/W1483567969","https://openalex.org/W1538808171","https://openalex.org/W1565907438","https://openalex.org/W1648937643","https://openalex.org/W1963564304","https://openalex.org/W1968064531","https://openalex.org/W1972642660","https://openalex.org/W1975698665","https://openalex.org/W1978620724","https://openalex.org/W1986261968","https://openalex.org/W1992829774","https://openalex.org/W2001545626","https://openalex.org/W2006547672","https://openalex.org/W2021349295","https://openalex.org/W2028590568","https://openalex.org/W2029682675","https://openalex.org/W2053931875","https://openalex.org/W2054812334","https://openalex.org/W2076376189","https://openalex.org/W2090592852","https://openalex.org/W2111581462","https://openalex.org/W2134696411","https://openalex.org/W2137235171","https://openalex.org/W2145869098","https://openalex.org/W2163082209","https://openalex.org/W2321667827","https://openalex.org/W2548209690","https://openalex.org/W2798730927","https://openalex.org/W2891376438","https://openalex.org/W3122249006","https://openalex.org/W3122319835"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4393900863","https://openalex.org/W1538808171","https://openalex.org/W2076376189","https://openalex.org/W4413496912","https://openalex.org/W1971423932","https://openalex.org/W7046713677","https://openalex.org/W2071397776","https://openalex.org/W2189278192","https://openalex.org/W2948310129","https://openalex.org/W2006301104"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Nielsen":[0],"ratings":[1,63],"for":[2,24,32,58,91],"ABC's":[3],"Monday":[4],"Night":[5],"Football":[6],"are":[7],"significantly":[8],"higher":[9],"when":[10],"the":[11,71,84],"game":[12],"involves":[13],"a":[14,56],"black":[15,39,92],"quarterback.":[16],"In":[17],"this":[18,25],"paper,":[19],"we":[20],"consider":[21],"competing":[22],"explanations":[23],"effect.":[26],"First,":[27],"quarterback":[28,46],"race":[29],"might":[30,42,53],"proxy":[31],"other":[33],"player":[34],"or":[35],"team":[36],"attributes.":[37],"Second,":[38],"viewership":[40],"patterns":[41],"be":[43,54],"sensitive":[44],"to":[45,75],"race.":[47],"Third,":[48],"viewers":[49],"of":[50],"all":[51],"races":[52],"exhibiting":[55],"taste":[57],"diversity.":[59],"We":[60],"use":[61],"both":[62],"data":[64],"and":[65],"evidence":[66,81],"on":[67],"racial":[68],"attitudes":[69],"from":[70],"General":[72],"Social":[73],"Survey":[74],"test":[76],"these":[77],"hypotheses":[78],"empirically.":[79],"The":[80],"strongly":[82],"supports":[83],"taste-for-diversity":[85],"hypothesis,":[86],"while":[87],"suggesting":[88],"some":[89],"role":[90],"own-race":[93],"preferences":[94],"as":[95],"well.":[96]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-09T09:14:12.587421","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
