{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2014064134","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.06.006","title":"Buruli ulcer (Mycobacterium ulcerans infection)","display_name":"Buruli ulcer (Mycobacterium ulcerans infection)","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-07-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2014064134","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.06.006","mag":"2014064134","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18657836"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.06.006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.06.006","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.06.006","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129317210","display_name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issn_l":"0035-9203","issn":["0035-9203","1878-3503"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064528399","display_name":"Douglas S. Walsh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802125050","display_name":"United States Army Medical Research Directorate - Africa","ror":"https://ror.org/00bxym797","country_code":"KE","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106965489","https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2802125050","https://openalex.org/I2802581893","https://openalex.org/I92664306"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088792","display_name":"United States Army","ror":"https://ror.org/00afsp483","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210088792"]}],"countries":["KE","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Douglas S. Walsh","raw_affiliation_strings":["United States Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya, Walter Reed Project, PO Box 54, Kisumu, 10400, Kenya. dwalsh@wrp-ksm.org","United States Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya (USAMRU-K), Walter Reed Project, PO Box 54, Kisumu, 10400, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"United States Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya, Walter Reed Project, PO Box 54, Kisumu, 10400, Kenya. dwalsh@wrp-ksm.org","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802125050","https://openalex.org/I4210088792"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"United States Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya (USAMRU-K), Walter Reed Project, PO Box 54, Kisumu, 10400, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802125050","https://openalex.org/I4210088792"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111805619","display_name":"Fran\u00e7oise Portaels","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78281549","display_name":"Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde","ror":"https://ror.org/03xq4x896","country_code":"BE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78281549"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fran\u00e7oise Portaels","raw_affiliation_strings":["b Mycobacteriology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium","Mycobacteriology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"b Mycobacteriology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78281549"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mycobacteriology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78281549"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073599911","display_name":"Wayne M. Meyers","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151970","display_name":"Armed Forces Institute of Pathology","ror":"https://ror.org/04se3fj97","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151970"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wayne M. Meyers","raw_affiliation_strings":["c Department of Environmental and Infectious Disease Sciences, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC, USA","Department of Environmental and Infectious Disease Sciences, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"c Department of Environmental and Infectious Disease Sciences, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151970"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental and Infectious Disease Sciences, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151970"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2326,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":3067},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.359,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":131,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78678304,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"102","issue":"10","first_page":"969","last_page":"978"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11316","display_name":"Mycobacterium research and diagnosis","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11316","display_name":"Mycobacterium research and diagnosis","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12107","display_name":"Leprosy Research and Treatment","score":0.0017000000225380063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12951","display_name":"Burkholderia infections and melioidosis","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/buruli-ulcer","display_name":"Buruli ulcer","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mycobacterium-ulcerans","display_name":"Mycobacterium ulcerans","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mycolactone","display_name":"mycolactone","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/necrotizing-skin-lesions","display_name":"necrotizing skin lesions","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/osteomyelitis","display_name":"osteomyelitis","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bcg-vaccination","display_name":"BCG vaccination","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-coinfection","display_name":"HIV coinfection","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease-transmission","display_name":"disease transmission","score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-risk-factors","display_name":"environmental risk factors","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deforestation","display_name":"deforestation","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antibiotic-therapy","display_name":"antibiotic therapy","score":0.5460000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgical-treatment","display_name":"surgical treatment","score":0.5950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scar-formation","display_name":"scar formation","score":0.5569999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emerging-infectious-diseases","display_name":"emerging infectious diseases","score":0.30799999833106995}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776261420","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1017169","display_name":"Buruli ulcer","level":3,"score":0.9898165464401245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780661791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141154","display_name":"Mycobacterium ulcerans","level":3,"score":0.9867319464683533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6820695400238037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780551157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938983","display_name":"Osteomyelitis","level":2,"score":0.61395263671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781069245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12204","display_name":"Tuberculosis","level":2,"score":0.5801836252212524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5231612920761108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780695269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36956","display_name":"Leprosy","level":2,"score":0.501758337020874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776353676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182672","display_name":"Zoonosis","level":2,"score":0.451272189617157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16005928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171171","display_name":"Dermatology","level":1,"score":0.4074549674987793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.38958850502967834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.36220329999923706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.2258181869983673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000349","descriptor_name":"Africa","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009165","descriptor_name":"Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009165","descriptor_name":"Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009165","descriptor_name":"Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009165","descriptor_name":"Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019911","descriptor_name":"Mycobacterium ulcerans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D054312","descriptor_name":"Buruli Ulcer","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D054312","descriptor_name":"Buruli Ulcer","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D054312","descriptor_name":"Buruli Ulcer","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.06.006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.06.006","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.06.006","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129317210","display_name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issn_l":"0035-9203","issn":["0035-9203","1878-3503"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:18657836","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18657836","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":78,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W118273718","https://openalex.org/W141543947","https://openalex.org/W593152588","https://openalex.org/W1565250952","https://openalex.org/W1617759896","https://openalex.org/W1827239630","https://openalex.org/W1895671845","https://openalex.org/W1964352210","https://openalex.org/W1970430085","https://openalex.org/W1971327283","https://openalex.org/W1974123814","https://openalex.org/W1974450924","https://openalex.org/W1977684231","https://openalex.org/W1980490998","https://openalex.org/W1985110545","https://openalex.org/W1989152374","https://openalex.org/W1989378439","https://openalex.org/W1989885244","https://openalex.org/W1992452635","https://openalex.org/W1992470594","https://openalex.org/W1994180218","https://openalex.org/W1998117938","https://openalex.org/W2003968297","https://openalex.org/W2009809312","https://openalex.org/W2010463316","https://openalex.org/W2011986795","https://openalex.org/W2020009446","https://openalex.org/W2025487514","https://openalex.org/W2028509558","https://openalex.org/W2058483543","https://openalex.org/W2066311301","https://openalex.org/W2075562696","https://openalex.org/W2077408214","https://openalex.org/W2080785808","https://openalex.org/W2085011633","https://openalex.org/W2096606546","https://openalex.org/W2097208671","https://openalex.org/W2104013953","https://openalex.org/W2105159335","https://openalex.org/W2107568904","https://openalex.org/W2107842748","https://openalex.org/W2115242810","https://openalex.org/W2117288057","https://openalex.org/W2117933009","https://openalex.org/W2118646800","https://openalex.org/W2119591408","https://openalex.org/W2121603293","https://openalex.org/W2123657637","https://openalex.org/W2124819877","https://openalex.org/W2125737123","https://openalex.org/W2125778074","https://openalex.org/W2130679343","https://openalex.org/W2133240653","https://openalex.org/W2138848560","https://openalex.org/W2140558200","https://openalex.org/W2147031727","https://openalex.org/W2147976072","https://openalex.org/W2151809812","https://openalex.org/W2152274483","https://openalex.org/W2155161908","https://openalex.org/W2161858802","https://openalex.org/W2161979494","https://openalex.org/W2163673858","https://openalex.org/W2165076381","https://openalex.org/W2168957698","https://openalex.org/W2170249043","https://openalex.org/W2172211753","https://openalex.org/W2267366284","https://openalex.org/W2315446279","https://openalex.org/W2319276292","https://openalex.org/W2342292343","https://openalex.org/W2385248891","https://openalex.org/W2414912049","https://openalex.org/W2496549934","https://openalex.org/W4247888878","https://openalex.org/W4249654200","https://openalex.org/W4299126114","https://openalex.org/W4313422312"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2027654769","https://openalex.org/W2124307580","https://openalex.org/W7095581769","https://openalex.org/W7097614388","https://openalex.org/W1988627324","https://openalex.org/W2163944828","https://openalex.org/W1818847332","https://openalex.org/W2942515292","https://openalex.org/W2071299248","https://openalex.org/W4241630870"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mycobacterium":[0],"ulcerans":[1,115,192],"is":[2,38,56,66,137,143,153],"an":[3],"emerging":[4],"infection":[5,116,121],"that":[6],"causes":[7],"indolent,":[8],"necrotizing":[9,42],"skin":[10,26,155],"lesions":[11,18],"known":[12],"as":[13,176],"Buruli":[14],"ulcer":[15],"(BU).":[16],"Bone":[17],"may":[19,122,169],"include":[20],"reactive":[21],"osteitis":[22],"or":[23,28],"osteomyelitis":[24,30],"beneath":[25],"lesions,":[27],"metastatic":[29],"from":[31,193],"lymphohematogenous":[32],"spread":[33],"of":[34,54,81,151,165,185,190],"M.":[35,48,114,161,191],"ulcerans.":[36,162],"Pathogenesis":[37],"related":[39,138],"to":[40,61,76,139,172],"a":[41,67],"and":[43,65,79,106,117,127,134,142,181],"immunosuppressive":[44],"toxin":[45],"produced":[46],"by":[47,154,160],"ulcerans,":[49],"called":[50],"mycolactone.":[51],"The":[52,147,163,187],"incidence":[53],"BU":[55,103,129,136,166],"highest":[57],"in":[58,72,86,95,197],"children":[59],"up":[60],"15":[62],"years":[63],"old,":[64],"major":[68],"public":[69],"health":[70],"problem":[71],"endemic":[73],"countries":[74],"due":[75],"disabling":[77],"scarring":[78],"destruction":[80],"bone.":[82],"Most":[83],"patients":[84],"live":[85],"West":[87],"Africa,":[88],"but":[89],"the":[90],"disease":[91],"has":[92],"been":[93],"confirmed":[94],"at":[96,157],"least":[97],"30":[98],"countries.":[99],"Treatment":[100],"options":[101],"for":[102,125],"are":[104],"antibiotics":[105],"surgery.":[107],"BCG":[108],"vaccination":[109],"provides":[110],"short-term":[111],"protection":[112],"against":[113],"prevents":[118],"osteomyelitis.":[119],"HIV":[120],"increase":[123],"risk":[124],"BU,":[126],"renders":[128],"highly":[130],"aggressive.":[131],"Unlike":[132],"leprosy":[133],"tuberculosis,":[135],"environmental":[140,173],"factors":[141,174],"thus":[144],"considered":[145],"non-communicable.":[146],"most":[148],"plausible":[149],"mode":[150],"transmission":[152],"trauma":[156],"sites":[158],"contaminated":[159],"reemergence":[164],"around":[167],"1980":[168],"be":[170],"attributable":[171],"such":[175],"deforestation,":[177],"artificial":[178],"topographic":[179],"alterations":[180],"increased":[182],"manual":[183],"agriculture":[184],"wetlands.":[186],"first":[188],"cultivation":[189],"nature":[194],"was":[195],"reported":[196],"2008.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}