{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2013993289","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.157.1.55","title":"Classifying Depression by Mental State Signs","display_name":"Classifying Depression by Mental State Signs","publication_year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2013993289","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.157.1.55","mag":"2013993289","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2397363"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1192/bjp.157.1.55","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.157.1.55","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.157.1.55","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S127936299","display_name":"The British Journal of Psychiatry","issn_l":"0007-1250","issn":["0007-1250","1472-1465"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"British Journal of Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053082969","display_name":"Gordon Barraclough Parker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3424-5519","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3424-5519"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gordon Parker","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of New South Wales, Australia","University of New South Wales"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of New South Wales, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of New South Wales","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042656398","display_name":"Du\u0161an Had\u017ei-Pavlovi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2059-3865","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2059-3865"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dusan Hadzi-Pavlovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Psychiatry, Prince Henry Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Psychiatry, Prince Henry Hospital","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027992433","display_name":"Philip M. Boyce","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9816-7356","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9816-7356"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philip Boyce","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069470694","display_name":"Kay A Wilhelm","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8542-6478","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8542-6478"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kay Wilhelm","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Psychiatry, Prince Henry Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Psychiatry, Prince Henry Hospital","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021571114","display_name":"Henry Brodaty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9487-6617","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9487-6617"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Henry Brodaty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Psychiatry, Prince Henry Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Psychiatry, Prince Henry Hospital","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101589470","display_name":"Philip Bowden Mitchell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7954-5235","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7954-5235"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philip Mitchell","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069078473","display_name":"Ian Bernard Hickie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8832-9895","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8832-9895"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ian Hickie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Psychiatry, Prince Henry Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Psychiatry, Prince Henry Hospital","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019803559","display_name":"Kerrie Eyers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3837-8204","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3837-8204"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kerrie Eyers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Psychiatry, Prince Henry Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Psychiatry, Prince Henry Hospital","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053082969"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"],"apc_list":{"value":4920,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4920},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.2696,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":132,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98309706,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"157","issue":"1","first_page":"55","last_page":"65"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10853","display_name":"Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes","score":0.37209999561309814,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10853","display_name":"Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes","score":0.37209999561309814,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11071","display_name":"Treatment of Major Depression","score":0.24549999833106995,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12308","display_name":"Mental Health and Psychiatry","score":0.12610000371932983,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/melancholia","display_name":"melancholia","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depressive-disorders","display_name":"depressive disorders","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retardation","display_name":"retardation","score":0.574999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depression-classification","display_name":"depression classification","score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latent-class-analysis","display_name":"latent class analysis","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"principal component analysis","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dsm-iii-diagnosis","display_name":"DSM-III diagnosis","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-domain-criteria","display_name":"Research Domain Criteria","score":0.6629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symptom-scales","display_name":"symptom rating scales","score":0.460999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mood-disorders","display_name":"mood disorders","score":0.6809999942779541}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780783166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192077","display_name":"Melancholia","level":3,"score":0.9688311815261841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776867660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1814941","display_name":"Depression (economics)","level":2,"score":0.6594822406768799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.600383996963501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5274069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2285707","display_name":"Categorical variable","level":2,"score":0.5861432552337646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781210005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6738337","display_name":"Major depressive episode","level":3,"score":0.5542405247688293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777134132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188638","display_name":"Mood disorders","level":3,"score":0.5061416029930115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780733359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331769","display_name":"Mood","level":2,"score":0.49581179022789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.47402292490005493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.4579673111438751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019858935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4340209","display_name":"Depressive symptoms","level":3,"score":0.4374054968357086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70727504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1806878","display_name":"Latent class model","level":2,"score":0.4252972900867462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.12160921096801758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558461103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154430","display_name":"Anxiety","level":2,"score":0.07892540097236633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000275","descriptor_name":"Adjustment Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001143","descriptor_name":"Arousal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003866","descriptor_name":"Depressive Disorder","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003866","descriptor_name":"Depressive Disorder","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003866","descriptor_name":"Depressive Disorder","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008609","descriptor_name":"Mental Status Schedule","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011569","descriptor_name":"Psychiatric Status Rating Scales","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011594","descriptor_name":"Psychometrics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011618","descriptor_name":"Psychotic Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1192/bjp.157.1.55","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.157.1.55","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.157.1.55","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S127936299","display_name":"The British Journal of Psychiatry","issn_l":"0007-1250","issn":["0007-1250","1472-1465"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"British Journal of Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:2397363","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2397363","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8371999859809875}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2117579057","https://openalex.org/W2467555415","https://openalex.org/W1963981461","https://openalex.org/W2056501835","https://openalex.org/W2148922836","https://openalex.org/W2119953936","https://openalex.org/W2433187936","https://openalex.org/W2100397368","https://openalex.org/W2001943065","https://openalex.org/W2136903508"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"possibility":[1],"that":[2,75,99],"separation":[3],"of":[4,19,43,72,91,95,101],"a":[5,36,92],"categorical":[6],"depressive":[7,12,118],"disease":[8],"('melancholia')":[9],"from":[10,116],"remaining":[11],"disorders":[13,39],"can":[14,77],"be":[15,78],"improved":[16],"by":[17,28,54],"assessment":[18],"mental":[20],"state":[21],"signs":[22,103],"was":[23,48],"examined":[24],"in":[25],"patients":[26,33],"treated":[27],"representative":[29],"Sydney":[30],"psychiatrists":[31],"and":[32,56,66,69],"referred":[34],"to":[35,106,113],"specialised":[37],"mood":[38],"unit.":[40],"A":[41],"set":[42],"signs,":[44],"principally":[45],"assessing":[46],"retardation,":[47],"derived":[49],"within":[50],"the":[51],"two":[52],"samples":[53],"principal-components":[55],"latent-class":[57],"analyses.":[58],"Scores":[59,81],"were":[60,82],"significantly":[61],"correlated":[62],"with":[63,85],"clinical,":[64],"DSM-III,":[65],"RDC":[67],"diagnoses,":[68],"appeared":[70],"independent":[71],"severity,":[73],"suggesting":[74],"melancholia":[76,96,115],"defined":[79,102],"phenomenologically.":[80],"also":[83],"associated":[84],"several":[86],"'validating'":[87],"factors.":[88],"Comparative":[89],"analyses":[90],"refined":[93],"list":[94],"symptoms":[97],"suggested":[98],"ratings":[100,112],"are":[104],"likely":[105],"have":[107],"greater":[108],"capacity":[109],"than":[110],"symptom":[111],"differentiate":[114],"residual":[117],"disorders.":[119]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}