{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2013980828","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3574552","title":"Velocity Spectrometry of 3.5-GeV Nitrogen Ions","display_name":"Velocity Spectrometry of 3.5-GeV Nitrogen Ions","publication_year":1977,"publication_date":"1977-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2013980828","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3574552","mag":"2013980828","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/905505"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/3574552","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3574552","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3574552","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S152208300","display_name":"Radiation Research","issn_l":"0033-7587","issn":["0033-7587","1938-5404"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315745","host_organization_name":"Radiation Research Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315745"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Radiation Research Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Radiation Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000660336","display_name":"Walter Schimmerling","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3915-4798","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3915-4798"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Walter Schimmerling","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109387161","display_name":"Stanley B. Curtis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9024-7351","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9024-7351"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stanley B. Curtis","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079368577","display_name":"Kirby G. Vosburgh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kirby G. Vosburgh","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.5886,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91170131,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11176","display_name":"Radiation Therapy and Dosimetry","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11176","display_name":"Radiation Therapy and Dosimetry","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12166","display_name":"Ion-surface interactions and analysis","score":0.005100000184029341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11044","display_name":"Particle Detector Development and Performance","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrogen-ion-beam","display_name":"nitrogen ion beam","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secondary-particle-formation","display_name":"secondary particle production","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/velocity-distribution","display_name":"velocity distribution","score":0.6159999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-of-flight-measurement","display_name":"time-of-flight measurement","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-scattering","display_name":"multiple scattering","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam-energy-spread","display_name":"beam energy spread","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector-resolution","display_name":"detector resolution","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heavy-ion-beams","display_name":"heavy ion beams","score":0.6119999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dosimetry","display_name":"dosimetry","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiobiology","display_name":"radiation biology","score":0.7699999809265137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162356407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180809","display_name":"Mass spectrometry","level":2,"score":0.6863453984260559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145148216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36496","display_name":"Ion","level":2,"score":0.6345549821853638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C537208039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627","display_name":"Nitrogen","level":2,"score":0.6127483248710632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177322064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750955","display_name":"Radiochemistry","level":1,"score":0.5190430283546448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.46038272976875305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113196181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485223","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","level":2,"score":0.35427772998809814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185544564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197","display_name":"Nuclear physics","level":1,"score":0.33913949131965637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2927364706993103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107872376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355","display_name":"Environmental chemistry","level":1,"score":0.21509799361228943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.21313238143920898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.08321243524551392}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004601","descriptor_name":"Elementary Particles","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007477","descriptor_name":"Ions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009584","descriptor_name":"Nitrogen","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010315","descriptor_name":"Particle Accelerators","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011874","descriptor_name":"Radiometry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/3574552","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3574552","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3574552","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S152208300","display_name":"Radiation Research","issn_l":"0033-7587","issn":["0033-7587","1938-5404"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315745","host_organization_name":"Radiation Research Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315745"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Radiation Research Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Radiation Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:905505","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/905505","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Radiation research","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W975635441","https://openalex.org/W1738717525","https://openalex.org/W1923698600","https://openalex.org/W1999506165","https://openalex.org/W2000494847","https://openalex.org/W2011290857","https://openalex.org/W2049927547","https://openalex.org/W2050911868","https://openalex.org/W2052638058","https://openalex.org/W2080187965","https://openalex.org/W2110015563","https://openalex.org/W2130447542","https://openalex.org/W2338646133","https://openalex.org/W4300592014"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2018565625","https://openalex.org/W1999506165","https://openalex.org/W2312657652","https://openalex.org/W2063973106","https://openalex.org/W2059328812","https://openalex.org/W2078776058","https://openalex.org/W2151458285","https://openalex.org/W207298418","https://openalex.org/W2002846214","https://openalex.org/W2043133042"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,38,108,130],"velocity":[1],"distributions":[2],"of":[3,19,32,52,55,57,76,88,111,117,126,132,145,147],"primary":[4],"and":[5,25,78,84,104,122,142],"secondary":[6],"particles":[7],"produced":[8],"by":[9,72],"3.5-GeV":[10],"nitrogen":[11],"ions":[12,149],"have":[13],"been":[14],"measured":[15],"as":[16],"a":[17,22,33,49],"function":[18],"depth":[20],"in":[21],"polyethylene":[23],"absorber":[24],"compared":[26],"with":[27],"calculations":[28],"using":[29,48,68],"an":[30],"extension":[31],"recently":[34],"developed":[35],"theoretical":[36,103],"model.":[37],"experimental":[39,106],"data":[40],"were":[41],"obtained":[42,100],"at":[43],"the":[44,53,62,73,85,89,95,102,105,127,137],"Princeton":[45],"Particle":[46],"Accelerator":[47],"direct":[50],"measurement":[51],"time":[54],"flight":[56],"emerging":[58],"charged":[59],"particles.":[60],"In":[61],"calculation,":[63],"secondary-particle":[64,118],"production":[65,119],"is":[66,99,150],"computed":[67],"cross":[69,120],"sections":[70,121],"given":[71],"semiempirical":[74],"model":[75],"Silberberg":[77],"Tsao.":[79],"Detector":[80],"resolution,":[81],"multiple":[82],"scattering,":[83],"energy":[86],"spread":[87],"incident":[90],"beam":[91,134],"are":[92],"folded":[93],"into":[94],"calculation.":[96],"Qualitative":[97],"agreement":[98],"between":[101],"spectra.":[107],"main":[109],"sources":[110],"uncertainty":[112],"arise":[113],"from":[114],"limited":[115],"knowledge":[116],"multiplicities,":[123],"especially":[124],"those":[125],"lightest":[128],"secondaries.":[129],"importance":[131],"such":[133],"characterizations":[135],"for":[136,140],"dosimetry":[138],"necessary":[139],"radiobiological":[141],"medical":[143],"utilization":[144],"beams":[146],"heavy":[148],"discussed.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}