{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2013970253","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1089/ten.2005.11.1198","title":"Review: Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Cell\u2013Based Reconstructive Therapy in Orthopedics","display_name":"Review: Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Cell\u2013Based Reconstructive Therapy in Orthopedics","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2013970253","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1089/ten.2005.11.1198","mag":"2013970253","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16144456"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1089/ten.2005.11.1198","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1089/ten.2005.11.1198","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1089/ten.2005.11.1198","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S164177214","display_name":"Tissue Engineering","issn_l":"1076-3279","issn":["1076-3279","1557-8690"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320443","host_organization_name":"Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320443","https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tissue Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086513199","display_name":"Arnold I. Caplan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8677-6621","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8677-6621"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58956616","display_name":"Case Western Reserve University","ror":"https://ror.org/051fd9666","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Arnold I. Caplan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Skeletal Research Center, Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio","Skeletal Research Center, Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Skeletal Research Center, Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Skeletal Research Center, Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086513199"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.904,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":824,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96638655,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"7-8","first_page":"1198","last_page":"1211"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10176","display_name":"Mesenchymal stem cell research","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1307","display_name":"Cell Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10176","display_name":"Mesenchymal stem cell research","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1307","display_name":"Cell Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10059","display_name":"Bone Tissue Engineering Materials","score":0.014999999664723873,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11570","display_name":"Periodontal Regeneration and Treatments","score":0.0015999999595806003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3506","display_name":"Periodontics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mesenchymal-stem-cells","display_name":"mesenchymal stem cells","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthopedic-tissue-engineering","display_name":"orthopedic tissue engineering","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bone-marrow-derived-stem-cells","display_name":"bone marrow-derived stem cells","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartilage-repair","display_name":"cartilage repair","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bone-regeneration","display_name":"bone regeneration","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tendon-repair","display_name":"tendon repair","score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-painting","display_name":"Cell Painting","score":0.5429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-targeting","display_name":"cell targeting","score":0.5120000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skeletal-tissue-regeneration","display_name":"skeletal tissue regeneration","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stem-cell-isolation-and-expansion","display_name":"stem cell isolation and expansion","score":0.609000027179718}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198826908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1922379","display_name":"Mesenchymal stem cell","level":2,"score":0.8438931107521057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13685319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7607302","display_name":"Stem cell transplantation for articular cartilage repair","level":5,"score":0.6357259154319763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145103041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1151519","display_name":"Embryonic stem cell","level":3,"score":0.6170018911361694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28328180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48196","display_name":"Stem cell","level":2,"score":0.5891490578651428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143441281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5133858","display_name":"Clinical uses of mesenchymal stem cells","level":5,"score":0.5588304400444031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49892992","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540285","display_name":"Tissue engineering","level":2,"score":0.5458555221557617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.5271846055984497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201750760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1896218","display_name":"Progenitor cell","level":3,"score":0.47976288199424744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10854531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061415","display_name":"Regenerative medicine","level":3,"score":0.45229825377464294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780550940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q502730","display_name":"Cartilage","level":2,"score":0.4279564917087555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171056886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193119","display_name":"Regeneration (biology)","level":2,"score":0.42100614309310913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20875687","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2642600","display_name":"Adult stem cell","level":4,"score":0.38252073526382446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.38173601031303406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.33583056926727295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.3294237554073334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.31244152784347534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.2994014024734497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001705","descriptor_name":"Bioprosthesis","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011474","descriptor_name":"Prosthesis Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019637","descriptor_name":"Orthopedic Procedures","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019637","descriptor_name":"Orthopedic Procedures","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019651","descriptor_name":"Plastic Surgery Procedures","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019651","descriptor_name":"Plastic Surgery Procedures","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D023822","descriptor_name":"Tissue Engineering","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D045164","descriptor_name":"Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D045164","descriptor_name":"Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D059630","descriptor_name":"Mesenchymal Stem Cells","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D059630","descriptor_name":"Mesenchymal Stem Cells","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1089/ten.2005.11.1198","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1089/ten.2005.11.1198","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1089/ten.2005.11.1198","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S164177214","display_name":"Tissue Engineering","issn_l":"1076-3279","issn":["1076-3279","1557-8690"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320443","host_organization_name":"Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320443","https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tissue Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:16144456","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16144456","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tissue engineering","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:2295382470","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.sid.ir/En/Journal/ViewPaper.aspx?ID=136389","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.5683000087738037,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":96,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W80132655","https://openalex.org/W181406011","https://openalex.org/W209422636","https://openalex.org/W581889482","https://openalex.org/W627897929","https://openalex.org/W1508246447","https://openalex.org/W1517095385","https://openalex.org/W1522229466","https://openalex.org/W1534731743","https://openalex.org/W1544751778","https://openalex.org/W1548494467","https://openalex.org/W1596298178","https://openalex.org/W1603914517","https://openalex.org/W1916015322","https://openalex.org/W1916250075","https://openalex.org/W1926754848","https://openalex.org/W1960997296","https://openalex.org/W1967191880","https://openalex.org/W1967217261","https://openalex.org/W1968822620","https://openalex.org/W1969148503","https://openalex.org/W1971530777","https://openalex.org/W1972437297","https://openalex.org/W1977950302","https://openalex.org/W1982534962","https://openalex.org/W1986300999","https://openalex.org/W1986457784","https://openalex.org/W1986469118","https://openalex.org/W1986989201","https://openalex.org/W1993871115","https://openalex.org/W1993910454","https://openalex.org/W1998162097","https://openalex.org/W2002721981","https://openalex.org/W2003302938","https://openalex.org/W2005097199","https://openalex.org/W2005317105","https://openalex.org/W2008021821","https://openalex.org/W2012222854","https://openalex.org/W2013507743","https://openalex.org/W2015615249","https://openalex.org/W2021297198","https://openalex.org/W2022311887","https://openalex.org/W2023130997","https://openalex.org/W2025149032","https://openalex.org/W2031130435","https://openalex.org/W2034142395","https://openalex.org/W2034250100","https://openalex.org/W2034452944","https://openalex.org/W2036452348","https://openalex.org/W2036550391","https://openalex.org/W2036626830","https://openalex.org/W2037473532","https://openalex.org/W2042217942","https://openalex.org/W2042831978","https://openalex.org/W2043963000","https://openalex.org/W2044685047","https://openalex.org/W2054060446","https://openalex.org/W2054170371","https://openalex.org/W2058298678","https://openalex.org/W2058451719","https://openalex.org/W2061981400","https://openalex.org/W2063207344","https://openalex.org/W2068135722","https://openalex.org/W2072386632","https://openalex.org/W2076553947","https://openalex.org/W2079679782","https://openalex.org/W2081119717","https://openalex.org/W2088991414","https://openalex.org/W2089738396","https://openalex.org/W2091395040","https://openalex.org/W2092160349","https://openalex.org/W2098734814","https://openalex.org/W2100975089","https://openalex.org/W2117412164","https://openalex.org/W2119610794","https://openalex.org/W2125379616","https://openalex.org/W2131384376","https://openalex.org/W2136221233","https://openalex.org/W2136899344","https://openalex.org/W2139482114","https://openalex.org/W2140680778","https://openalex.org/W2144268541","https://openalex.org/W2145470200","https://openalex.org/W2149762099","https://openalex.org/W2149790590","https://openalex.org/W2154383697","https://openalex.org/W2158430905","https://openalex.org/W2161861717","https://openalex.org/W2174253217","https://openalex.org/W2177706557","https://openalex.org/W2412831976","https://openalex.org/W2415067411","https://openalex.org/W2416032031","https://openalex.org/W2736504270","https://openalex.org/W2916269123","https://openalex.org/W4295836001"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2999623563","https://openalex.org/W1967691606","https://openalex.org/W114697067","https://openalex.org/W2053316626","https://openalex.org/W33679117","https://openalex.org/W2372411405","https://openalex.org/W7097115968","https://openalex.org/W2067452576","https://openalex.org/W2125379616","https://openalex.org/W2368336683"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Adult":[0],"stem":[1,102,110],"cells":[2,15,89,111,195,228],"provide":[3],"replacement":[4],"and":[5,19,23,54,99,140,202,226],"repair":[6,133],"descendants":[7],"for":[8,26,69,96],"normal":[9],"turnover":[10],"or":[11,192,232],"injured":[12],"tissues.":[13,143,235],"These":[14,181],"have":[16,152],"been":[17],"isolated":[18],"expanded":[20],"in":[21,75,90],"culture,":[22],"their":[24],"use":[25],"therapeutic":[27],"strategies":[28],"requires":[29],"technologies":[30],"not":[31],"yet":[32],"perfected.":[33],"In":[34,56,77,144],"the":[35,37,49,57,70,78,82,94,101,118,145,148,156,160,176,213],"1970s,":[36],"embryonic":[38,86],"chick":[39],"limb":[40,62],"bud":[41,63],"mesenchymal":[42,87,109],"cell":[43,64,103],"culture":[44,91],"system":[45,65],"provided":[46],"data":[47],"on":[48],"differentiation":[50],"of":[51,72,105,121,147,162,179,222],"cartilage,":[52,134],"bone,":[53,135],"muscle.":[55],"1980s,":[58],"we":[59,80,125,151],"used":[60,81,126],"this":[61],"as":[66,185],"an":[67],"assay":[68],"purification":[71],"inductive":[73],"factors":[74],"bone.":[76],"1990s,":[79],"expertise":[83],"gained":[84],"with":[85,128],"progenitor":[88],"to":[92,132,171,175,188,196,206,211,229],"develop":[93],"technology":[95],"isolating,":[97],"expanding,":[98],"preserving":[100],"capacity":[104],"adult":[106],"bone":[107],"marrow-derived":[108],"(MSCs).":[112],"The":[113,200],"1990s":[114],"brought":[115],"us":[116,170],"into":[117],"new":[119],"field":[120],"tissue":[122,198],"engineering,":[123],"where":[124],"MSCs":[127,191],"site-specific":[129],"delivery":[130],"vehicles":[131],"tendon,":[136],"marrow":[137],"stroma,":[138],"muscle,":[139],"other":[141,193],"connective":[142],"beginning":[146],"21st":[149],"century,":[150],"made":[153],"substantial":[154],"advances:":[155],"most":[157],"important":[158],"is":[159],"development":[161],"a":[163],"cell-coating":[164],"technology,":[165],"called":[166],"painting,":[167],"that":[168],"allows":[169],"introduce":[172],"informational":[173],"proteins":[174],"outer":[177],"surface":[178],"cells.":[180],"paints":[182],"can":[183],"serve":[184],"targeting":[186],"addresses":[187],"specifically":[189],"dock":[190],"reparative":[194,227],"unique":[197],"addresses.":[199],"scientific":[201],"clinical":[203],"challenge":[204],"remains:":[205],"perfect":[207],"cell-based":[208],"tissue-engineering":[209],"protocols":[210],"utilize":[212],"body's":[214],"own":[215],"rejuvenation":[216],"capabilities":[217],"by":[218],"managing":[219],"surgical":[220],"implantations":[221],"scaffolds,":[223],"bioactive":[224],"factors,":[225],"regenerate":[230],"damaged":[231],"diseased":[233],"skeletal":[234]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":44},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":43},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":50},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":56},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":57},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":58}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
