{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2013805605","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.16.004952","title":"Mid-infrared Cr^2+:ZnSe random powder lasers","display_name":"Mid-infrared Cr^2+:ZnSe random powder lasers","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-03-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2013805605","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.16.004952","mag":"2013805605","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18542594"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1364/oe.16.004952","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.16.004952","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.16.004952","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S178776955","display_name":"Optics Express","issn_l":"1094-4087","issn":["1094-4087"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315679","host_organization_name":"Optica Publishing Group","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315679"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Optica Publishing Group"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Optics Express","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.16.004952","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023627713","display_name":"C. Kim","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32389192","display_name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/008s83205","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, CH 3101, 1530 3rd Avenue South, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA","Department of Physics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, CH 310l, 1530 3rd Avenue South, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, CH 3101, 1530 3rd Avenue South, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, CH 310l, 1530 3rd Avenue South, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044804917","display_name":"Dmitry V. Martyshkin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5580-6461","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5580-6461"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32389192","display_name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/008s83205","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. V. Martyshkin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, CH 310l, 1530 3rd Avenue South, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, CH 310l, 1530 3rd Avenue South, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063595323","display_name":"Vladimir Fedorov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3432-8680","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3432-8680"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32389192","display_name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/008s83205","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V. V. Fedorov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, CH 310l, 1530 3rd Avenue South, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, CH 310l, 1530 3rd Avenue South, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069543557","display_name":"Sergey Mirov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4186-8450","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4186-8450"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32389192","display_name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/008s83205","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. B. Mirov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, CH 310l, 1530 3rd Avenue South, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, CH 310l, 1530 3rd Avenue South, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"],"apc_list":{"value":2270,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2270},"apc_paid":{"value":2270,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2270},"fwci":1.4949,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82511459,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"7","first_page":"4952","last_page":"4952"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11127","display_name":"Solid State Laser Technologies","score":0.9843999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11127","display_name":"Solid State Laser Technologies","score":0.9843999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11996","display_name":"Random lasers and scattering media","score":0.012199999764561653,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3102","display_name":"Acoustics and Ultrasonics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10097","display_name":"Luminescence Properties of Advanced Materials","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cr2-znse","display_name":"Cr2+:ZnSe","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mid-infrared-lasers","display_name":"mid-infrared lasers","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chromium-doped-zinc-selenide","display_name":"chromium-doped zinc selenide","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/powder-production","display_name":"powder production","score":0.46000000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annealing","display_name":"annealing","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grain-size","display_name":"grain size","score":0.5389999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lasing-threshold","display_name":"lasing threshold","score":0.6359999775886536}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7999104261398315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.7267724871635437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.6260908842086792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158355884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11388","display_name":"Infrared","level":2,"score":0.6209242343902588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40003534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q862228","display_name":"Raman spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.4871904253959656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779870107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43010","display_name":"Quartz","level":2,"score":0.4739534854888916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781285689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21921428","display_name":"Crystal (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4682161808013916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192191005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466491","display_name":"Grain size","level":2,"score":0.44923901557922363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28845197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477379","display_name":"Ampoule","level":2,"score":0.448081910610199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153385146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18335","display_name":"Radiation","level":2,"score":0.4353767931461334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.3606119751930237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.07155156135559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002857","descriptor_name":"Chromium","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007259","descriptor_name":"Infrared Rays","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007834","descriptor_name":"Lasers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011208","descriptor_name":"Powders","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017076","descriptor_name":"Computer-Aided Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017967","descriptor_name":"Zinc Compounds","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018036","descriptor_name":"Selenium Compounds","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019544","descriptor_name":"Equipment Failure Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1364/oe.16.004952","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.16.004952","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.16.004952","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S178776955","display_name":"Optics Express","issn_l":"1094-4087","issn":["1094-4087"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315679","host_organization_name":"Optica Publishing Group","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315679"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Optica Publishing Group"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Optics Express","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:18542594","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18542594","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Optics express","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1364/oe.16.004952","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.16.004952","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.16.004952","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S178776955","display_name":"Optics Express","issn_l":"1094-4087","issn":["1094-4087"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315679","host_organization_name":"Optica Publishing Group","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315679"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Optica Publishing Group"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Optics Express","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1668450647","https://openalex.org/W1965438115","https://openalex.org/W1982097838","https://openalex.org/W2005068604","https://openalex.org/W2034485814","https://openalex.org/W2034533090","https://openalex.org/W2051439100","https://openalex.org/W2056519901","https://openalex.org/W2060633581","https://openalex.org/W2069714046","https://openalex.org/W2073983428","https://openalex.org/W2085385052","https://openalex.org/W2090874469","https://openalex.org/W2101516666","https://openalex.org/W2154782468","https://openalex.org/W2164342867","https://openalex.org/W2326341515"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1556836313","https://openalex.org/W4245270475","https://openalex.org/W2262526934","https://openalex.org/W2037135959","https://openalex.org/W2021204171","https://openalex.org/W3152349383","https://openalex.org/W2061143193","https://openalex.org/W2099097206","https://openalex.org/W2080932717","https://openalex.org/W7044309383"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"report":[1],"simple":[2],"methods":[3],"of":[4,14,60,65,76,85],"laser":[5,51],"active":[6],"Cr2+:ZnSe":[7],"powder":[8],"fabrication":[9],"with":[10,80],"average":[11],"grain":[12,99],"sizes":[13],"either":[15],"approximately":[16,19],"10":[17,95],"or":[18],"1":[20,97],"microm":[21,58,98],"without":[22],"crystal":[23],"growth":[24],"stage.":[25],"Pure,":[26],"uniformly":[27],"mixed":[28],"ZnSe":[29],"and":[30,87,96],"CrSe":[31],"powders":[32],"annealed":[33],"at":[34,53],"1000":[35],"masculineC":[36],"for":[37,94],"3":[38,88],"days":[39],"in":[40,90],"a":[41],"sealed":[42],"evacuated":[43],"(approximately":[44],"10(-4)":[45],"Torr)":[46],"quartz":[47],"ampoule":[48],"exhibited":[49],"middle-infrared":[50],"action":[52],"room":[54],"temperature":[55],"under":[56],"1.56":[57],"excitation":[59],"D(2)":[61],"Raman":[62],"shifted":[63],"radiation":[64],"Nd:YAG":[66],"laser.":[67],"The":[68],"output-input":[69],"characteristic":[70],"clearly":[71],"demonstrated":[72],"the":[73,77,81],"threshold-like":[74],"behavior":[75],"output":[78],"signal":[79],"threshold":[82],"energy":[83],"level":[84],"0.5":[86],"mJ":[89],"2.9":[91],"mm":[92],"spot":[93],"sizes,":[100],"respectively.":[101]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}