{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2013739754","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.205","title":"Size and shape in the evolution of ant worker morphology","display_name":"Size and shape in the evolution of ant worker morphology","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-11-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2013739754","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.205","mag":"2013739754","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24255818","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3828632"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.7717/peerj.205","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.205","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.205","pdf_url":"https://peerj.com/articles/205.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1983995261","display_name":"PeerJ","issn_l":"2167-8359","issn":["2167-8359"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320104","host_organization_name":"PeerJ, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320104"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["PeerJ, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PeerJ","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://peerj.com/articles/205.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073394029","display_name":"Marcio Roberto Pie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2949-4871","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2949-4871"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52418104","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/05syd6y78","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52418104"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Marcio R. Pie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laborat\u00f3rio de Din\u00e2mica Evolutiva e Sistemas Complexos, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1, Curitiba, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Din\u00e2mica Evolutiva e Sistemas Complexos, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1, Curitiba, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52418104"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007352081","display_name":"Marcel Kruchelski Tsch\u00e1","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5882-0007","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5882-0007"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52418104","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/05syd6y78","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52418104"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcel K. Tsch\u00c3\u00a1","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laborat\u00f3rio de Din\u00e2mica Evolutiva e Sistemas Complexos, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1, Curitiba, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Din\u00e2mica Evolutiva e Sistemas Complexos, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1, Curitiba, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52418104"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073394029"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52418104"],"apc_list":{"value":1395,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1395},"apc_paid":{"value":1395,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1395},"fwci":2.7623,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88869487,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":"e205","last_page":"e205"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12417","display_name":"Morphological variations and asymmetry","score":0.7207000255584717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12417","display_name":"Morphological variations and asymmetry","score":0.7207000255584717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10702","display_name":"Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior","score":0.25760000944137573,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12132","display_name":"Hymenoptera taxonomy and phylogeny","score":0.009499999694526196,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/morphological-evolution","display_name":"morphological evolution","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/body-size-evolution","display_name":"body size evolution","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/body-shape-evolution","display_name":"body shape evolution","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pheidole","display_name":"Pheidole","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phylogenetic-signal","display_name":"phylogenetic signal","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rate-heterogeneity","display_name":"rate heterogeneity","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rate-shifts","display_name":"rate shifts","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macroevolution","display_name":"macroevolution","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-insects","display_name":"social insects","score":0.3409999907016754}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C499950583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183252","display_name":"Morphology (biology)","level":2,"score":0.695457398891449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.6658316850662231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.6283174157142639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777949028","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25303868","display_name":"Rate of evolution","level":4,"score":0.6067280769348145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988562018","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1063","display_name":"Biological evolution","level":2,"score":0.5619792938232422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193252679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242125","display_name":"Phylogenetic tree","level":3,"score":0.5274776816368103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776077705","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138173","display_name":"Pheidole","level":3,"score":0.4802161157131195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.46145331859588623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176771619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7189434","display_name":"Phylogenetic comparative methods","level":4,"score":0.44657957553863525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87590526","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3592884","display_name":"Experimental evolution","level":3,"score":0.41249412298202515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90856448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431","display_name":"Zoology","level":1,"score":0.284071683883667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.23527908325195312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97467695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295802","display_name":"ANT","level":2,"score":0.22740787267684937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.09860527515411377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.08604744076728821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.7717/peerj.205","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.205","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.205","pdf_url":"https://peerj.com/articles/205.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1983995261","display_name":"PeerJ","issn_l":"2167-8359","issn":["2167-8359"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320104","host_organization_name":"PeerJ, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320104"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["PeerJ, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PeerJ","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2818569","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3828632","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:24255818","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24255818","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PeerJ","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3828632","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3828632/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PeerJ","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/90c37f4c-1853-49c4-acd8-bb93b9368d1e","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.edgehill.ac.uk/en/publications/90c37f4c-1853-49c4-acd8-bb93b9368d1e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402462","display_name":"Edge Hill University Research Information Repository (Edge Hill University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I165525304","host_organization_name":"Edge Hill University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165525304"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pie, M R & Tsch\u00e1, M K 2013, 'Size and shape in the evolution of ant worker morphology', PeerJ, vol. 2013, no. 1, e205. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.205","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:59c1866e94e2482d897d268ed50cb3ca","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/59c1866e94e2482d897d268ed50cb3ca","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PeerJ, Vol 1, p e205 (2013)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.7717/peerj.205","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.205","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.205","pdf_url":"https://peerj.com/articles/205.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1983995261","display_name":"PeerJ","issn_l":"2167-8359","issn":["2167-8359"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320104","host_organization_name":"PeerJ, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320104"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["PeerJ, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PeerJ","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2013739754.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2013739754.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W561774432","https://openalex.org/W613063557","https://openalex.org/W624317177","https://openalex.org/W1408983869","https://openalex.org/W1490210895","https://openalex.org/W1504049102","https://openalex.org/W1601516317","https://openalex.org/W1605984840","https://openalex.org/W1828763114","https://openalex.org/W1963703713","https://openalex.org/W1982848324","https://openalex.org/W1990221500","https://openalex.org/W1991130603","https://openalex.org/W1992120846","https://openalex.org/W1993235658","https://openalex.org/W2021090050","https://openalex.org/W2044431694","https://openalex.org/W2056877302","https://openalex.org/W2075018089","https://openalex.org/W2079180411","https://openalex.org/W2082598566","https://openalex.org/W2086649324","https://openalex.org/W2091712280","https://openalex.org/W2095047837","https://openalex.org/W2114525641","https://openalex.org/W2116057335","https://openalex.org/W2117368100","https://openalex.org/W2123848440","https://openalex.org/W2143428280","https://openalex.org/W2146056421","https://openalex.org/W2151541130","https://openalex.org/W2155297730","https://openalex.org/W2169752264","https://openalex.org/W2219233922","https://openalex.org/W2325148206","https://openalex.org/W2329141094","https://openalex.org/W2418411433","https://openalex.org/W2496832791","https://openalex.org/W2883512297","https://openalex.org/W4205420379","https://openalex.org/W4205795792","https://openalex.org/W4243402094","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4296224447","https://openalex.org/W4299541734","https://openalex.org/W6893511378"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4280632005","https://openalex.org/W3088168029","https://openalex.org/W1968088817","https://openalex.org/W4235473120","https://openalex.org/W3068340142","https://openalex.org/W2056877302","https://openalex.org/W2059381846","https://openalex.org/W2087937077","https://openalex.org/W7042836824","https://openalex.org/W7099104847"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Morphological":[0],"evolution":[1,25,36,55,97,117,139,148],"in":[2,29,62,123,129,137,145,149,157],"ants":[3],"has":[4],"been":[5],"traditionally":[6],"thought":[7],"as":[8,78,80],"being":[9],"strongly":[10],"influenced":[11],"by":[12],"selection":[13],"for":[14,87],"colony":[15],"ergonomic":[16],"efficiency.":[17],"Although":[18],"many":[19],"studies":[20],"have":[21],"focused":[22],"on":[23,60],"the":[24,35,49,54,83,105,153],"of":[26,37,53,56,72,90,95,107,112,115,134,147,155],"social":[27],"characteristics":[28],"ants,":[30],"little":[31],"is":[32],"known":[33],"about":[34],"worker":[38,57],"morphology":[39],"at":[40,99],"a":[41,69,88],"macroevolutionary":[42],"scale.":[43],"In":[44],"this":[45],"study,":[46],"we":[47],"investigate":[48],"tempo":[50],"and":[51,64,126,128,159],"mode":[52],"morphology,":[58],"focusing":[59],"changes":[61],"size":[63,96,125,158],"shape.":[65],"Our":[66],"datasets":[67],"included":[68],"large":[70],"sample":[71],"species":[73],"from":[74],"different":[75],"ant":[76],"genera,":[77],"well":[79],"variation":[81],"within":[82],"hyperdiverse":[84],"genus":[85],"Pheidole,":[86],"total":[89],"1650":[91],"measurements.":[92],"The":[93,110],"rate":[94,106,135],"was":[98,161],"least":[100],"five":[101],"times":[102],"faster":[103],"than":[104],"shape":[108,127,160],"evolution.":[109],"fit":[111],"alternative":[113],"models":[114],"morphological":[116],"indicated":[118],"statistically":[119],"significant":[120],"phylogenetic":[121],"signal":[122],"both":[124,150],"all":[130],"datasets.":[131],"Finally,":[132],"tests":[133],"heterogeneity":[136],"phenotypic":[138],"among":[140],"lineages":[141],"identified":[142],"several":[143],"shifts":[144,156],"rates":[146],"datasets,":[151],"although":[152],"timing":[154],"usually":[162],"not":[163],"concordant.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}